Table 2.
Parameters | Sham | OVX | p Values | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ND | ND + GSM | HFHS | HFHS + GSM | ND | ND + GSM | HFHS | HFHS + GSM | ||
BW 12th week | 273.73 ± 8.53 | 276.06 ± 6.20 | 280.84 ± 7.01 | 281.62 ± 7.54 | 275.64 ± 8.20 | 267.37 ± 8.96 | 276.51 ± 7.93 | 280.70 ± 6.41 | NS |
BW 20th week | 317.30 ± 10.82ab | 325.39 ± 8.69abcd | 365.21 ± 12.28bcde | 380.91 ± 10.97e | 320.58 ± 7.72abc | 316.68 ± 11.37a | 372.09 ± 13.61de | 365.50 ± 11.78cde | <0.001 |
BW 28th week | 335.54 ± 12.40a | 349.75 ± 9.63ab | 397.77 ± 13.73bc | 422.59 ± 12.54cde | 403.13 ± 11.05bcd | 394.58 ± 15.24abc | 470.91 ± 17.97e | 458.34 ± 14.92de | <0.001 |
BW the end | 403.89 ± 17.30a | 428.18 ± 18.05a | 535.38 ± 27.16bc | 578.15 ± 21.78bc | 499.20 ± 18.56ab | 488.27 ± 22.36ab | 633.35 ± 34.01c | 619.05 ± 29.34c | <0.001 |
Weight gain (g/d) | |||||||||
Time 0 | 2.71 ± 0.11 | 2.85 ± 0.10 | 2.91 ± 0.09 | 2.93 ± 0.09 | 2.82 ± 0.09 | 2.65 ± 0.14 | 2.80 ± 0.10 | 2.85 ± 0.11 | NS |
Time 1 | 0.65 ± 0.08a | 0.67 ± 0.08a | 0.99 ± 0.10ab | 1.37 ± 0.14b | 0.66 ± 0.07a | 0.70 ± 0.15a | 1.26 ± 0.20ab | 1.26 ± 0.27ab | <0.001 |
Time 2 | 0.54 ± 0.05a | 0.56 ± 0.06a | 0.70 ± 0.09a | 0.69 ± 0.09a | 1.78 ± 0.10bc | 1.32 ± 0.10b | 1.74 ± 0.15bc | 1.89 ± 0.17c | <0.001 |
Time 3 | 0.48 ± 0.05a | 0.55 ± 0.06ab | 0.87 ± 0.10bcd | 0.94 ± 0.09cd | 0.68 ± 0.07abc | 0.64 ± 0.05abc | 1.10 ± 0.14d | 1.06 ± 0.11d | <0.001 |
Feed intake (g/d) | |||||||||
Time 1 | 16.72 ± 0.53c | 15.90 ± 0.56bc | 12.71 ± 0.47a | 13.76 ± 0.37ab | 16.97 ± 0.51c | 15.55 ± 0.68bc | 13.28 ± 0.54a | 12.57 ± 0.41a | <0.001 |
Time 2 | 16.17 ± 0.44b | 15.79 ± 0.56b | 11.94 ± 0.42a | 12.13 ± 0.38a | 19.53 ± 0.48c | 18.61 ± 0.62c | 14.76 ± 0.47b | 14.36 ± 0.48b | <0.001 |
Time 3 | 16.19 ± 0.48b | 16.22 ± 0.53b | 12.86 ± 0.46a | 13.43 ± 0.43a | 16.81 ± 0.45b | 16.48 ± 0.37b | 13.61 ± 0.58a | 13.68 ± 0.49a | <0.001 |
Energy intake (Kcal/d) | |||||||||
Time 1 | 59.93 ± 1.91ab | 57.00 ± 2.00a | 63.81 ± 2.38ab | 69.08 ± 1.84b | 60.82 ± 1.83ab | 55.75 ± 2.45a | 66.64 ± 2.71b | 63.08 ± 2.04ab | <0.001 |
Time 2 | 57.96 ± 1.58ab | 56.60 ± 2.01a | 59.94 ± 2.11ab | 60.89 ± 1.90ab | 70.02 ± 1.71c | 66.71 ± 2.21bc | 74.07 ± 2.34c | 72.08 ± 2.39c | <0.001 |
Time 3 | 58.03 ± 1.72a | 58.16 ± 1.88a | 64.54 ± 2.30abc | 67.39 ± 2.15bc | 60.27 ± 1.61abc | 59.09 ± 1.34ab | 68.31 ± 2.90c | 68.65 ± 2.44c | <0.001 |
The food consumption and body weight of different time points from the intact rats (sham) and the ovariectomized rats (OVX) in different diet groups are summarized. Values are mean ± SE. The significant differences across all conditions (diets and surgical procedures) were determined by one‐way ANOVA and p values are indicated in the last column. In case no statistical significance (NS) was found, then no multiple comparison was performed. Significance is recognized when p < 0.05, and superscript letters indicate the least significant difference test. Values that do not share the same superscript letters are significantly different.