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Physiological bone accrual in young adulthood. Estrogen inhibits pro‐inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast action while promoting osteoblast function. Testosterone promotes osteoblast function by inhibiting apoptosis and inhibits osteoclast function. IGF‐1, parathyroid hormone also promote bone accrual, in addition to other hormonal and mechanical influences which regulate the attainment of bone mass in young adult years.
