Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
| Item | Placebo group (n = 14) | LBP group (n = 15) | t/Z/χ2-value | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 15±1.71 | 15.13±2.17 | –0.183 | 0.856 |
| Gender (female) | 12(85.7) | 12(80) | 0.166 | 0.684 |
| Education (yr) | 9 | 10 | –0.356 | 0.722 |
| HAMD-24 | 20.57±6.81 | 20.87±5.57 | –0.128 | 0.899 |
| BDI-II | 31.29±10.97 | 29.40±9.4 | 0.498 | 0.622 |
| Kessler | 36.57±7.63 | 32.87±6.76 | 1.386 | 0.177 |
| PSQI | 11.00±3.72 | 10.27±3.92 | 0.516 | 0.610 |
| SCARED | 48.43±11.61 | 43.75±13.42 | 1 | 0.637 |
Data are present as mean ± SD (age, HAMD-24, BDI-II, Kessler, PSQI and SCARED) for t-test, number (percentage) (gender) for chi-square test and median (education) for Mann-Whitney test. BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; HAMD-24: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; Kessler: The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; LBP: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide; PSQI: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SCARED: Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders.