Table 2.
Comparison of demographics, body composition, physical activity, physical performance, and health questionnaire scores between patients with and without physical frailty.
| Variable | No physical frailty (n=34) | Physical frailty (n=23) | P value | SMDa | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 74.76 (5.92) | 80.00 (5.82) | .002 | 0.892 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.42 (4.81) | 24.66 (3.79) | .84 | 0.055 | |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 160.94 (6.37) | 160.56 (7.84) | .85 | 0.053 | |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 62.77 (9.72) | 63.45 (9.61) | .80 | 0.070 | |
| Body fat (%), mean (SD) | 30.15 (8.55) | 32.14 (7.86) | .37 | 0.243 | |
| Visceral fat (%), mean (SD) | 7.95 (3.21) | 8.71 (2.72) | .34 | 0.254 | |
| Muscle mass (%), mean (SD) | 30.26 (4.20) | 28.52 (3.29) | .09 | 0.460 | |
| Resting metabolism (kcal), mean (SD) | 1345.32 (110.40) | 1341.29 (123.22) | .90 | 0.034 | |
| Calf circumference, mean (SD) | 35.04 (3.12) | 34.31 (3.30) | .41 | 0.228 | |
| EQ-5D-5Lb index, mean (SD) | 0.84 (0.16) | 0.65 (0.27) | .007 | 0.818 | |
| SPPBc score (points), mean (SD) | 11.30 (0.79) | 6.44 (2.06) | <.001 | –3.106 | |
| SPPB score≤8, n (%) | 0 (0) | 23 (40) | <.001 |
|
|
| SARC-Fd score, n (%) |
|
|
.01 | 1.002 | |
|
|
0 | 22 (65) | 6 (26) |
|
|
|
|
1 | 8 (24) | 7 (30) |
|
|
|
|
2 | 2 (6) | 3 (13) |
|
|
|
|
3 | 0 (0) | 4 (17) |
|
|
|
|
4 | 2 (6) | 3 (13) |
|
|
| Number of falls in past year, n (%) |
|
|
.31 | 0.422 | |
|
|
0 | 24 (71) | 12 (52) |
|
|
|
|
1-3 | 7 (21) | 9 (39) |
|
|
|
|
>3 | 3 (9) | 2 (9) |
|
|
| BMDe femoral neck (g/cm3), mean (SD) | 0.61 (0.06) | 0.59 (0.06) | .27 | 0.303 | |
| BMD lumbar spine (g/cm3), mean (SD) | 0.85 (0.12) | 0.91 (0.16) | .17 | 0.391 | |
| Smoking, n (%) |
|
|
>.99 | 0.005 | |
|
|
No | 31 (91) | 21 (91) |
|
|
|
|
Yes | 3 (9) | 2 (9) |
|
|
| Self-sustaining, n (%) |
|
|
.74 | 0.103 | |
|
|
No | 6 (18) | 5 (22) |
|
|
|
|
Yes | 28 (82) | 18 (78) |
|
|
| Daily leaving apartment, n (%) |
|
|
.05 | 0.566 | |
|
|
No | 4 (12) | 8 (35) |
|
|
|
|
Yes | 30 (88) | 15 (65) |
|
|
| Weekly sports activity (>3 h), n (%) |
|
|
.06 | 0.569 | |
|
|
No | 10 (29) | 13 (57) |
|
|
|
|
Yes | 24 (71) | 10 (43) |
|
|
aSMD: standardized mean difference.
bEQ-5D-5L: European Quality of Life 5-dimension questionnaire.
cSPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery.
dSARC-F: sarcopenia test (strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and fall).
eBMD: bone mineral density.