Table 1. Demographic and Index Pregnancy Characteristics by Presence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (APO).
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No APO (n = 3182) | Any APO (n = 909) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 27.0 (5.5) | 26.8 (5.8) | .34 |
| Self-reported race and ethnicity | |||
| Asian | 104 (3.3) | 19 (2.1) | <.001 |
| Black | 368 (11.6) | 150 (16.5) | |
| White | 2053 (64.5) | 560 (61.6) | |
| Hispanic | 519 (16.3) | 129 (14.2) | |
| Othera | 138 (4.3) | 51 (5.6) | |
| Education level | |||
| <High school graduate | 201 (6.3) | 87 (9.6) | <.001 |
| High school graduate or GED completed | 337 (10.6) | 118 (13.0) | |
| Some college credit, no degree | 604 (19.0) | 187 (20.6) | |
| Associate’s/technical degree | 343 (10.8) | 116 (12.8) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 952 (29.9) | 216 (23.8) | |
| Degree beyond Bachelor’s | 745 (23.4) | 185 (20.4) | |
| Type of health insurance | |||
| Commercial | 2268 (71.5) | 613 (68.0) | .09 |
| Government/military | 794 (25.0) | 258 (28.6) | |
| Self-pay/other | 108 (3.4) | 30 (3.3) | |
| Early pregnancy | |||
| BMI, median (IQR)b | 24.2 (21.8-28.2) | 26.3 (22.8-31.7) | <.001 |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm | 93.9 (13.4) | 98.6 (15.5) | <.001 |
| Family history of hypertension, No./total No. (%) | 1726/3038 (56.8) | 557/874 (63.7) | <.001 |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | |||
| Systolic | 108.2 (10.2) | 111.7 (11.1) | <.001 |
| Diastolic | 66.6 (7.9) | 69.0 (8.7) | <.001 |
| Gestational diabetes, No./total No. (%) | 111/3182 (3.5) | 56/909 (6.2) | <.001 |
| Current smoker, No./total No. (%) | 151/3165 (4.8) | 69/905 (7.6) | <.001 |
| Early-pregnancy aspirin use, No./total No. (%) | 51/3178 (1.6) | 20/909 (2.2) | .23 |
| Gestational age at delivery, median (IQR), wk | 39.9 (39.0-40.6) | 38.3 (36.1-39.7) | <.001 |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 3401.2 (405.0) | 2844.9 (756.3) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GED, general educational development.
a
Other race included American Indian or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, multiracial, and other.
b
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.