Table 1. National Trends of Suicide Attempts Among 484 732 US Adults in the NSDUH by Sociodemographic Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. of participants | Weighted rate per 100 000 population by study years | Unadjusted model | Adjusted modela | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-2009 | 2010-2011 | 2012-2013 | 2014-2015 | 2016-2017 | 2018-2019 | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Overall | 484 732 | 481.2 | 490.8 | 531.5 | 529.8 | 545.9 | 563.9 | 1.17 (1.01-1.36) | .04 | 1.23 (1.05-1.44) | .01 |
| Age, y | |||||||||||
| 18-25 | 195 650 | 1182.7 | 1187.7 | 1280.7 | 1420.3 | 1755.6 | 1845.0 | 1.69 (1.43-1.99) | <.001 | 1.81 (1.52-2.16) | <.001 |
| 26-34 | 86 000 | 522.3 | 474.6 | 575.2 | 541.1 | 545.8 | 682.9 | 1.29 (0.95-1.76) | .10 | 1.32 (0.96-1.83) | .09 |
| 35-49 | 114 225 | 392.1 | 420.0 | 533.0 | 477.2 | 430.5 | 495.6 | 1.17 (0.88-1.55) | .27 | 1.06 (0.78-1.42) | .71 |
| 50-64 | 52 887 | 391.3 | 401.2 | 289.4 | 340.9 | 275.4 | 216.8 | 0.58 (0.32-1.04) | .07 | 0.50 (0.28-0.92) | .03 |
| ≥65 | 35 970 | 103.5 | 148.3 | 228.4 | 168.3 | 183.4 | 134.5 | 1.13 (0.53-2.41) | .75 | 1.17 (0.51-2.68) | .70 |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Male | 225 842 | 435.6 | 450.1 | 442.0 | 452.2 | 468.5 | 456.4 | 1.05 (0.84-1.33) | .65 | 1.11 (0.86-1.42) | .44 |
| Female | 258 890 | 523.4 | 528.7 | 614.6 | 602.1 | 618.1 | 664.3 | 1.26 (1.05-1.52) | .01 | 1.33 (1.09-1.62) | .005 |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||||||||
| Hispanic | 80 057 | 448.0 | 523.9 | 672.3 | 537.0 | 493.0 | 700.6 | 1.30 (0.91-1.84) | .14 | 1.35 (0.94-1.96) | .11 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 60 714 | 621.1 | 783.5 | 673.9 | 571.9 | 673.4 | 858.0 | 1.18 (0.86-1.60) | .30 | 1.28 (0.91-1.78) | .15 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 298 383 | 459.5 | 403.4 | 475.8 | 509.9 | 509.7 | 463.0 | 1.12 (0.92-1.37) | .27 | 1.21 (0.97-1.50) | .09 |
| Non-Hispanic otherb | 45 578 | 531.2 | 789.3 | 520.4 | 618.0 | 749.1 | 638.6 | 1.12 (0.62-2.01) | .71 | 1.12 (0.62-2.01) | .71 |
| Marital status | |||||||||||
| Married | 186 263 | 228.3 | 245.4 | 243.2 | 226.2 | 224.6 | 175.8 | 0.80 (0.59-1.10) | .17 | 0.91 (0.66-1.25) | .54 |
| Widowed | 13 597 | 353.9 | 180.9 | 489.7 | 313.1 | 336.4 | 269.8 | 0.94 (0.40-2.22) | .89 | 0.86 (0.33-2.25) | .77 |
| Divorced or separated | 49 015 | 747.8 | 849.9 | 836.6 | 809.3 | 591.4 | 760.4 | 0.86 (0.57-1.30) | .48 | 0.92 (0.60-1.41) | .70 |
| Never married | 235 857 | 903.5 | 854.9 | 934.1 | 1010.5 | 1145.2 | 1215.3 | 1.44 (1.20-1.72) | <.001 | 1.60 (1.31-1.96) | <.001 |
| Educational attainment | |||||||||||
| Less than high school | 70 730 | 720.3 | 934.9 | 1013.4 | 761.0 | 798.3 | 1036.4 | 1.16 (0.85-1.59) | .34 | 1.19 (0.86-1.65) | .29 |
| High school or equivalent | 143 939 | 544.2 | 546.7 | 635.9 | 614.3 | 719.8 | 712.6 | 1.36 (1.08-1.71) | .009 | 1.30 (1.01-1.68) | .04 |
| Some college | 151 251 | 567.2 | 519.7 | 482.0 | 596.9 | 678.4 | 661.2 | 1.31 (0.97-1.78) | .08 | 1.36 (1.00-1.85) | .052 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 118 812 | 205.5 | 186.1 | 244.7 | 285.8 | 179.1 | 181.2 | 0.91 (0.60-1.38) | .66 | 0.93 (0.62-1.40) | .73 |
| Employment | |||||||||||
| Full-time | 243 173 | 303.6 | 252.4 | 321.2 | 355.5 | 391.4 | 411.0 | 1.52 (1.23-1.88) | <.001 | 1.58 (1.27-1.98) | <.001 |
| Part-time | 84 831 | 749.7 | 569.3 | 688.9 | 512.8 | 740.0 | 668.7 | 0.99 (0.64-1.52) | .96 | 1.03 (0.64-1.63) | .91 |
| Unemployed | 35 645 | 1002.6 | 1141.8 | 1191.9 | 1434.3 | 1573.9 | 2100.6 | 2.06 (1.50-2.83) | <.001 | 2.22 (1.58-3.12) | <.001 |
| Other | 121 083 | 580.7 | 717.2 | 687.4 | 679.7 | 562.6 | 565.7 | 0.87 (0.67-1.13) | .29 | 0.87 (0.66-1.14) | .31 |
| Family income, $ | |||||||||||
| <20 000 | 111 041 | 908.8 | 1152.5 | 1121.5 | 1027.8 | 997.1 | 1283.0 | 1.18 (0.91-1.52) | .21 | 1.17 (0.90-1.52) | .24 |
| 20 000-49 999 | 158 587 | 536.3 | 488.6 | 578.8 | 579.0 | 720.4 | 621.3 | 1.32 (1.04-1.67) | .02 | 1.28 (0.99-1.65) | .06 |
| 50 000-74 999 | 76 421 | 408.3 | 402.3 | 271.5 | 385.8 | 389.9 | 439.9 | 1.09 (0.63-1.89) | .76 | 0.93 (0.54-1.61) | .81 |
| ≥75 000 | 138 683 | 235.1 | 135.5 | 279.3 | 297.6 | 276.8 | 297.6 | 1.51 (1.12-2.03) | .007 | 1.56 (1.14-2.13) | .005 |
| Insurance coverage | |||||||||||
| Private plan | 262 359 | 353.3 | 255.4 | 264.8 | 364.4 | 370.0 | 416.0 | 1.38 (1.02-1.85) | .03 | 1.43 (1.06-1.92) | .02 |
| Medicaid | 59 553 | 1681.3 | 1716.3 | 1447.7 | 1443.8 | 1383.1 | 1462.4 | 0.83 (0.62-1.11) | .21 | 1.01 (0.74-1.37) | .96 |
| Medicare | 46 060 | 247.2 | 457.8 | 425.5 | 357.1 | 272.2 | 243.0 | 0.72 (0.48-1.08) | .11 | 0.76 (0.49-1.17) | .21 |
| Other | 19 832 | 595.0 | 544.2 | 722.3 | 825.2 | 889.1 | 960.3 | 1.76 (0.89-3.48) | .10 | 1.75 (0.86-3.56) | .12 |
| Uninsured | 92 059 | 741.0 | 746.6 | 1052.2 | 746.1 | 988.6 | 868.8 | 1.20 (0.90-1.60) | .21 | 1.42 (1.06-1.91) | .02 |
| Urban residence | |||||||||||
| Nonmetropolitan | 99 153 | 399.8 | 668.8 | 596.6 | 598.0 | 718.8 | 536.5 | 1.24 (0.90-1.70) | .19 | 1.26 (0.89-1.78) | .19 |
| Small metropolitan | 169 932 | 549.5 | 484.8 | 556.1 | 509.1 | 626.9 | 629.8 | 1.23 (0.96-1.56) | .10 | 1.26 (0.99-1.61) | .06 |
| Large metropolitan | 215 647 | 467.4 | 441.6 | 497.8 | 523.1 | 458.4 | 535.3 | 1.13 (0.90-1.41) | .28 | 1.19 (0.94-1.51) | .14 |
Abbreviation: NSDUH, National Survey of Drug Use and Health.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status, educational attainment, employment, family income, insurance coverage, and urban residence where they would potentially confound the comparison.
b
Includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and those who reported 2 or more groups.