Table 2. National Trends of Suicide Attempts Among 484 732 US Adult Participants in the NSDUH by Clinical Conditions.
| Clinical condition | No. of participants | Weighted % by study year | Unadjusted model | Adjusted modela | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-2009 | 2010-2011 | 2012-2013 | 2014-2015 | 2016-2017 | 2018-2019 | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Past-year mental health problem | |||||||||||
| SPD | 72 998 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 1.10 (0.92-1.32) | .29 | 1.11 (0.91-1.36) | .28 |
| MDE | 41 081 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 1.16 (0.93-1.44) | .18 | 1.14 (0.90-1.44) | .26 |
| Past-year substance use | |||||||||||
| Alcohol | 357 905 | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 1.12 (0.93-1.34) | .25 | 1.24 (1.01-1.52) | .04 |
| Tobacco | 190 494 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.27 (1.03-1.58) | .02 | 1.38 (1.10-1.74) | .006 |
| Cannabis | 99 181 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.11 (0.90-1.36) | .33 | 1.44 (1.16-1.80) | .001 |
| Heroin or pain reliever | 91 288 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.34 (0.26-0.45) | <.001 | 0.80 (0.61-1.05) | .11 |
| Stimulant | 24 277 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 0.52 (0.33-0.81) | .005 | 0.93 (0.59-1.47) | .77 |
| Sedative | 21 671 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.57 (0.38-0.84) | .005 | 1.42 (0.96-2.09) | .08 |
| Hallucinogen | 16 437 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 0.96 (0.67-1.36) | .80 | 1.38 (0.95-2.01) | .09 |
| Cocaine or crack | 14 770 | 2.73 | 1.89 | 2.76 | 2.81 | 3.08 | 3.23 | 1.36 (0.94-1.96) | .1 | 1.88 (1.27-2.77) | .002 |
| Inhalant | 3817 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 0.98 (0.54-1.80) | .96 | 1.21 (0.65-2.27) | .55 |
| Any, excluding alcohol and tobacco | 119 626 | 1.41 | 1.33 | 1.65 | 1.43 | 1.57 | 1.60 | 1.15 (0.96-1.38) | .12 | 1.44 (1.19-1.75) | <.001 |
| Past-year SUD | |||||||||||
| Alcohol | 45 068 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.28 (0.99-1.67) | .06 | 1.61 (1.21-2.14) | .001 |
| Nicotine dependence | 47 974 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.02 (0.73-1.41) | .91 | 1.10 (0.76-1.60) | .59 |
| Cannabis | 13 576 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 1.34 (0.92-1.94) | .13 | 1.70 (1.14-2.53) | .01 |
| Opioid | 5808 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 1.31 (0.82-2.10) | .26 | 1.67 (1.02-2.76) | .04 |
| Cocaine | 2603 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 0.93 (0.54-1.61) | .79 | 1.27 (0.70-2.29) | .43 |
| Sedative | 1672 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 8.8 | 1.35 (0.65-2.80) | .42 | 1.49 (0.70-3.14) | .30 |
| Stimulant | 1355 | 9.9 | 5.0 | 9.5 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 5.7 | 0.69 (0.32-1.51) | .35 | 1.23 (0.51-2.98) | .64 |
| Hallucinogen | 1030 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 16.7 | 8.6 | 1.25 (0.57-2.76) | .57 | 1.65 (0.73-3.73) | .23 |
| Inhalant | 233 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 20.7 | 6.5 | 27.2 | 15.4 | 2.39 (0.63-9.08) | .20 | 2.86 (0.58-14.05) | .20 |
| Any, excluding alcohol and nicotine | 21 618 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 1.34 (1.01-1.78) | .04 | 1.60 (1.17-2.18) | .003 |
Abbreviations: NSDUH, National Survey of Drug Use and Health; MDE, major depressive episode; OR, odds ratio; SPD, serious psychological distress; SUD, substance use dependence.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status, educational attainment, employment, family income, insurance coverage, and urban residence.