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. 2022 Jan 21;28(3):365–380. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i3.365

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©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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The mucosa microbiota composition in different groups. A: Relative abundance of phyla in five groups; B: Community analysis sunburst plot on family level; C: Changes in the gastric mucosa microbiota from superficial gastritis, through atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia to gastric cancer; D: Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis from phylum to genus; E: Histogram of LEfSe analysis at the genus level. Significance was obtained by LEfSe (Kruskal–Wallis test) at P < 0.05, and linear discriminant analysis score>3.5. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. LDA: Linear discriminant analysis; LEfSe: LDA effect size; SG: Superficial gastritis; AG: Atrophic gastritis; IM: Intestinal metaplasia; Dys: Dysplasia; GC: Gastric cancer.