Table 1.

Principal factors aggravating atopic dermatitis or triggering flares.

Endogenous	Environmental
Alteration of skin microbiota16–26	Exposure to allergens27,28
Skin barrier dysfunction29–33	Food allergy 34
Dysregulation of cytokine production29–31,34–37	Hot and humid environment38,39
Stressful life events38,40–47	Dry and cold environment38,48
Hormonal changes (premenstrual phase, pregnancy)49–54	Sweating (physical exercise) 38
	Sun exposure55,56
	Clothing with irritating fibers (wool) 57