Table 3.

Risk (or prevalence) ratio and OR for acute referrals and operative caseloads. Comparisons are made between COVID-19 period against the pre-COVID-19 period. Value >1 indicated greater odds or risk during the COVID-19 period

		Acute referrals			Operative caseload
		RR	OR	P value	RR	OR	P value
Morbidity and mortality	Mortality	2.50	2.55	0.0005	2.19	2.25	0.004
	Mortality due to COVID-19-related complications versus non-COVID-19 causes	14.2	19.7	0.004	15.1	22.0	0.004
	Perioperative/postoperative complications including COVID-19				5.88	6.09	0.00001
	Perioperative/postoperative complications excluding COVID-19				3.65	3.72	0.003
	Perioperative/postoperative COVID-19 positive testing				32.6	23.4	0.0009
Anaesthetic technique	General anaesthetic only				1.22	1.61	0.00001
	General anaesthetic±block				1.23	1.75	0.00001
Consultant involvement	Consultant-led operation				1.36	2.08	0.00001
Operation technique	Open reduction+internal fixation				0.81	0.74	0.007
	Dynamic hip screw				2.02	2.11	0.00001
	Removal of metal/foreign body				0.24	0.23	0.003
Mechanism of injury	Road traffic accident	0.58	0.56	0.001	0.45	0.43	0.00001
	Fall (<1.5 m)	1.19	1.54	0.00001	1.17	1.49	0.0001
	Sporting injury	0.63	0.60	0.0005	0.64	0.61	0.003
	Infection	0.69	0.66	0.001	1.70	1.77	0.005
	Trauma call				0.55	0.52	0.0005
Type of injury	Neck of femur (NOF) fracture	1.44	1.57	0.00001	1.51	1.79	0.00001
	Lower limb (excl. NOF)	0.89	0.84	0.04	0.74	0.65	0.0001
Gender	Male	0.91	0.82	0.01

OR, odds ratio; RR, risk ratio.