FIGURE 1.

Schematic illustration of the GE2REC protocol and activation maps for each task in left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) patients (N = 18). (A1) Sentence generation with implicit encoding with a block design. Items were presented in the auditory modality during Task (words) and Control (pseudoword) and in the visual modality during Rest (central cross). Participants were required to covertly generate sentences during Task, listen to the pseudoword during Control, and fixate the cross during Rest. (A2) Recognition task with event-related design. Items were presented in visual modality during Task (pictures), Control (instruction image), and Null events (central cross). Participants were required to respond whether they recognized an object in a given picture as a word presented in the previous run (change of modality from auditory to visual). They responded by pressing two box buttons (yes, no). During Control, they were asked to press the button, as shown in the picture. (A3) Recall task with block design. Items were presented in the auditory modality during Task (words) and in the visual modality during Rest (central cross). Participants were required to recall and covertly repeat the sentences they generated in the first run in response to presented words. Participants were asked to fixate the cross during Rest. The activation maps obtained during sentence generation (B1), recognition (B2), and recall (B3) in LTLE patients are projected onto a 2D template using xjview toolbox (https://www.alivelearn.net/xjview). The color scale indicates the T value. For illustration, LMN is presented at a more permissive threshold for sentence generation and recall (p < 0.001, k > 5). LH, left hemisphere; RH, right hemisphere.