TABLE 1.
Demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological data for LTLE patients.
| Demographic information | Clinical data | Language and memory scores | Postsurgical data | ||||||||||||||||
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| Sex | Age | Hd. | HA | ASO | ED | AED | SF | VCI | DO 80 | SFL | AMI | VMI | IMI | DMI | NTD | RCI | EC | rLMN% | |
| P1 | M | 28 | R | Yes | 1 | 27 | 2 | M | 0.28 | 0.70 | –0.24 | 0.67 | 1.56 | 1.08 | 1.34 | 1 | –0.16 | Ia | 3.98 |
| P2 | M | 45 | R | Yes | 40 | 5 | 4 | D | –0.28 | –1.30 | –0.67 | –0.52 | 0 | –0.08 | –0.28 | 2 | –1.20 | Ia | 5.25 |
| P3 | M | 24 | R | Yes | 17 | 7 | 3 | W | / | –1.30 | –0.34 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| P4 | M | 24 | L | Yes | 16 | 8 | 3 | M | –0.41 | –2.20 | –2.17 | –3.47 | –0.61 | –1.88 | –2.33 | / | / | / | / |
| P5 | M | 27 | R | No | 20 | 7 | 3 | D | 0.00 | –0.03 | –0.34 | 1.34 | –1.13 | 0.13 | 0.00 | / | / | / | / |
| P6 | F | 26 | R | Yes | 13 | 13 | 3 | M | –0.52 | –2.05 | –1.89 | 0.28 | 0 | –0.47 | 0.47 | 3 | –3.21 | Ia | 6.18 |
| P7 | F | 43 | R | No | 12 | 31 | 3 | M | 0.28 | –1.30 | –1.46 | 0.09 | –1.75 | –0.08 | –1.13 | 4 | –4.36 | IVc | 23.46 |
| P8 | F | 43 | R | Yes | 3 | 40 | 1 | M | 0.52 | –0.3 | –2.05 | –0.28 | –0.2 | –0.47 | –0.28 | 0 | 1.84 | Id | 8.24 |
| P9 | F | 38 | R | Yes | 10 | 28 | 3 | M | –1.56 | –5.30 | –0.98 | 0.47 | 0 | 0.41 | 0.08 | 3 | –3.42 | Ia | 11.81 |
| P10 | M | 24 | R | Yes | 20 | 4 | 4 | >M | –0.13 | –4.30 | 1.66 | 0.61 | –0.2 | 0.47 | –0.08 | 3 | –0.27 | Ia | / |
| P11 | F | 54 | R | No | 52 | 2 | 2 | W | 0.00 | 0.67 | 1.39 | 0.33 | –1.08 | –0.99 | –0.28 | 2 | –6.53 | IVc | / |
| P12 | F | 37 | R | No | 35 | 2 | 2 | >M | 0.00 | –0.30 | 0.34 | 1.34 | –2.05 | –0.47 | –0.74 | / | / | / | / |
| P13 | M | 24 | R | No | 23 | 1 | 2 | M | 0.52 | –1.3 | 0.64 | 0.08 | –0.61 | –0.28 | –0.47 | 1 | 1.43 | Ia | / |
| P14 | F | 32 | R | Yes | 29 | 3 | 2 | D | –1.08 | –1.46 | –0.98 | –1.08 | –1.18 | –1.56 | –1.41 | 1 | –1.02 | Ia | 8.85 |
| P15 | F | 23 | R | Yes | 8 | 15 | 2 | W | 0.81 | 0.26 | –0.34 | 2.05 | 0.81 | 1.75 | 1.48 | / | / | / | / |
| P16 | M | 58 | R | No | 14 | 44 | 2 | M | 1.08 | –1.3 | –1.28 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.47 | / | / | / | / |
| P17 | F | 37 | R | Yes | 36 | 1 | 5 | D | –0.28 | –0.17 | –1.46 | –0.99 | –1.6 | –1.48 | –1.65 | / | / | / | / |
| P18 | F | 41 | R | Yes | 15 | 26 | 1 | D | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
| Mean (SD) | 10F/8M | 34.9 (10.9) | 17R/1L | 12Y/6N | 20.2 (13.5) | 14.6 (14.2) | 2.6 (1) | 5D/3W/8M/2 < M | –0.05 (0.7) | –1.25 (1.62) | –0.6 (1.1) | 0.08 (1.3) | –0.47 (1) | –0.21 (1) | –0.30 (1) | 2 (1.2) | –1.69 (2.6) | 7 Ia/1 Id/2 IVc | 9.68 (6.6) |
| GD Mean (SD) | 4F/2M | 38.3 (11.6) | 6R/0L | 4Y/2N | 24.5 (17.4) | 13.8 (12.7) | 3.3 (1) | 1D/1W/3M/1 > M | –0.4 (0.6) | –2.3 (2.2) | –0.3 (1.5) | 0.2 (0.4) | –0.5 (0.7) | –0.1 (0.5) | –0.2 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.8) | –3.2 (2.2) | 4 Ia/2 IVc | 11.67 (8.4) |
| RD Mean (SD) | 2F/2M | 31.8 (8.2) | 4R/0L | 3Y/1N | 14 (14.1) | 17.8 (19) | 2.3 (1.3) | 1D/3M | 0.1 (0.8) | –0.6 (1) | –0.7 (1.1) | –0.2 (0.7) | –0.1 (1.2) | –0.3 (1.1) | –0.2 (1.1) | 0.8 (0.5) | 0.5 (1.3) | 3 Ia/1 Id | 7.02 (2.6) |
Postsurgical data is presented for patients that underwent surgery and based on these data, they were divided into groups with greater and reduced postsurgical cognitive decline.
F, female; M, male; Age, age at the time of examination; Hd., handedness evaluated with Edinburgh quotient (Oldfield, 1971); L, left, R, right; HA, hippocampal atrophy; ASO, age of onset of seizures; ED, epilepsy duration; AED, number of epileptic drugs taken; SF, seizure frequency: D, seizures occurring on a daily basis; W, seizures occurring on a week basis; M, seizures occurring on a monthly basis; >M, seizures occurring once in couple of months; VCI, standardized score of verbal comprehension index (Wechsler, 2008); DO80, standardized score for French version of naming task (Deloche and Hannequin, 1997); SFL, semantic fluency, z core of performance on the task of categorical word generation (Godefroy and GREFEX, 2008); AMI, standardized score of auditory memory (Wechsler, 2009); VMI, standardized score of visual memory (Wechsler, 2009); IMI, standardized score of immediate memory (Wechsler, 2009); DMI, standardized score for delayed memory (Wechsler, 2009); NTD, number of tests with significant postsurgical decline; RCI, average reliable change index; EC, Engel class (Engel, 2014); Ia, completely seizure-free; Id, generalized convulsions with antiseizure drug discontinuation only; IVc, seizures got worse; rLMN%, the percentage of preoperative LMN that was resected; GD, greater postsurgical cognitive decline; RD, reduced postsurgical cognitive decline.
Scores marked in bold were pathological (p ≤ 0.05).