TABLE 2.
Demographic, clinical, neuropsychological, language and functional MRI data in P1 and P2 before and after surgery.
| P1 | P2 | |||||
| Demographic information | ||||||
| Gender | Male | Male | ||||
| Age | 28 | 45 | ||||
| Education | Vocational high-school | Vocational high-school | ||||
| Profession | Butcher | Carpenter | ||||
| Epilepsy medical history | ||||||
| Type of epilepsy | Mesial LTLE | Mesial LTLE | ||||
| Hippocampal atrophy | Yes | yes | ||||
| Age of epilepsy onset | 9 months | 40 years | ||||
| Epilepsy duration | 27 | 5 | ||||
| Frequency of seizures | Monthly | Daily | ||||
| Number of AEDs | 2 | 4 | ||||
| Postoperative seizure outcome | ||||||
| Engel class | Ia completely seizure-free | Ia completely seizure-free | ||||
| Neuropsychological assessment | Before surgery | After surgery | Before surgery | After surgery | ||
| VCI | 0.28 | 0.28 | = | –0.28 | –0.41 | ↓ |
| DO-80 | 0.7 | –1.3 | ↓* | –1.3 | –2.3 | ↓* |
| SFL | –0.24 | –0.62 | ↓ | –0.67 | –0.98 | ↓ |
| AMI | 0.67 | 0.88 | ↑ | –0.52 | –1.08 | ↓ |
| VMI | 1.56 | 1.88 | ↑ | 0 | –0.08 | = |
| IMI | 1.08 | 1.34 | ↑ | –0.08 | –0.74 | ↓* |
| DMI | 1.34 | 1.65 | ↑ | –0.28 | –0.61 | ↓ |
| TMT B-A | –0.57 | –0.28 | ↑ | –2.14 | –1.38 | ↑ |
| Handedness | R (+100%) | R (+20%) | ||||
| RECO responses | ||||||
| Correct | 75% | 77.5% | ↑ | 80% | 72.5% | ↓ |
| Incorrect | 21.3% | 12.5% | ↓ | 16.3% | 20% | ↑ |
| fMRI – LI | ||||||
| GE frontal lobe | 0.71 | 0.84 | ← | 0.71 | 0.29 | → |
| GE temporal lobe | 0.66 | 0.94 | ← | 0.53 | 0.33 | → |
| GE hippocampus | 0.73 | / | 0.38 | / | ||
| RECO frontal lobe | –0.086* | 0.67 | ← | 0.081* | 0.55 | ← |
| RECO temporal lobe | 0.41 | 0.51 | ← | 0.003 | –0.43 | → |
| RECO hippocampus | –0.39 | / | –0.63 | / | ||
| RA frontal lobe | 0.59 | 0.93 | ← | 0.7 | –0.24 * | → |
| RA temporal lobe | 0.64 | 0.83 | ← | 0.46 | –0.45 * | → |
| RA hippocampus | –0.38 | / | 0.69 | / | ||
Arrows for neuropsychological and language assessment, recognition performance and LIs indicate the direction of change (increase, decrease, shift to left or right) after surgery. Neuropsychological and language changes marked with * indicate a significant score change (using 90% confidence interval). Scores marked in bold were pathological. LIs marked with * indicate significantly different values (p < 0.05) compared to healthy controls, based on modified Crawford test (Crawford and Garthwaite, 2002). LI values in bold indicate right hemispheric predominance (Seghier, 2019).
LTLE, left temporal lobe epilepsy; AED, number of epileptic drugs taken; VCI, standardized score of verbal comprehension index (Wechsler, 2008); DO80, standardized score for French version of naming task (Deloche and Hannequin, 1997); SFL, semantic fluency, z core of performance on the task of categorical word generation (Godefroy and GREFEX, 2008); AMI, standardized score of auditory memory (Wechsler, 2009); VMI, standardized score of visual memory (Wechsler, 2009); IMI, standardized score of immediate memory (Wechsler, 2009); DMI, standardized score for delayed memory (Wechsler, 2009); TMT B-A, standardized score of Trail Making Test B-A (Godefroy and GREFEX, 2008); LI, Lateralization index; GE, sentence generation with implicit encoding; RECO, recognition of items; RA, recall.