Table 4.
Association between mediolateral episiotomy and the condition of infant at birth (pH umbilical artery < 7.10, 5-min Apgar score < 7) according to the type of operative vaginal delivery and fetal distress status (2013–2017)
| Total number† | Mediolateral episiotomy | No Mediolateral episiotomy | RR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | pH umbilical artery < 7.10 or 5-min Apgar score < 7, n (%) |
n | pH umbilical artery < 7.10 or 5-min Apgar score < 7, n (%) |
Univariate analysis * |
Using IPTW * | ||
| Forceps/spatula delivery | |||||||
| Fetal distress | 453 | 257 | 7 (4.2) | 288 | 39 (13.5) | 0.40 (0.16–0.98) | 0.52 (0.31–0.89) |
| No fetal distress | 688 | 274 | 13 (3.6) | 414 | 23 (5.6) | 0.80 (0.37–1.74) | 0.70 (0.41–1.20) |
| Vacuum delivery | |||||||
| Fetal distress | 1008 | 228 | 21 (9.2) | 780 | 112 (14.4) | 0.83 (0.51–1.36) | 0.89 (0.68–1.17) |
| No fetal distress | 1434 | 298 | 14 (4.7) | 1136 | 71 (6.3) | 0.81 (0.45–1.47) | 1.06 (0.77–1.48) |
RR risk ratio, CIs confidence intervals, IPTW inverse probability of treatment weighting. * Mixed model after multiple imputation of missing data. † Missing data – mode of operative vaginal deliveries: n = 25. Covariates used to estimate the propensity score: maternal age, smoking, Body mass index, gestational diabetes, hypertension disorders in pregnancy, induction of labour, epidural analgesia, occiput posterior position, prolonged pregnancy, type of instruments (forceps/ spatula delivery and vacuum delivery), small for gestational age, year of delivery and level of maternity unit