Table 3.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of each characteristic for earphone use
| Characteristics | Earphone use |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | P-value | Model 1* | P-value | Model 2† | P-value | ||||
| Age‡ | 20.8 | <0.001 | ‒0.15 | 0.721 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.159 | |||
| Sex | 1.06 (0.96–1.16) | 0.20 | 0.90 (0.79,1.02) | 0.12 | 1.10 (0.90–1.29) | 0.10 | |||
| Diabetes | 0.13 (0.08–0.20) | <0.001§ | 0.78 (0.42–1.42) | 0.47 | |||||
| Hypertension | 0.14 (0.11–0.18) | <0.001§ | 1.05 (0.74–1.49) | 0.80 | |||||
| Dyslipidemia | 0.20 (0.15–0.27) | <0.001§ | 1.09 (0.70–1.71) | 0.74 | |||||
| Tinnitus | 1.09 (0.97–1.21) | 0.11 | 1.33 (1.13–1.56) | <0.001§ | 1.27 (1.09–1.50) | 0.003§ | |||
| Depression | 0.44 (0.30–0.62) | <0.001§ | 0.83 (0.51–1.33) | 0.49 | |||||
| Occupational noise exposure | 1.40 (1.10–1.77) | 0.006§ | 1.41 (1.11–1.80) | 0.006§ | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 0.027§ | |||
| Sudden noise exposure | 1.45 (1.23–1.71) | <0.001§ | 1.75 (1.44–2.13) | <0.001§ | 1.70 (1.40,2.06) | <0.001§ | |||
| Quality of life | |||||||||
| Ambulation | 0.18 (0.13–0.23) | <0.001§ | 1.16 (0.78–1.73) | 0.49 | |||||
| Grooming | 0.16 (0.08–0.28) | <0.001§ | 2.61 (0.87–9.37) | 0.095 | |||||
| ADL | 0.23 (0.16–0.31) | <0.001§ | 1.73 (1.03–2.97) | 0.036§ | 1.56 (0.92–2.62) | 0.097 | |||
| Pain/discomfort | 0.37 (0.31–0.43) | <0.001§ | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 0.62 | |||||
| Anxiety/depression | 0.59 (0.49–0.72) | <0.001§ | 1.34 (1.01–1.78) | 0.039§ | 1.32 (1.14–1.52) | 0.040§ | |||
*
Adjusted model for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and education level. †Adjusted model for age, sex, socioeconomic status, education level, tinnitus, occupational noise exposure, sudden noise exposure, activities of daily living (ADL), and anxiety/depression. ‡β-Coefficient of simple linear regression model. §Fisher exact test model. Significance at P < 0.001.