Table 2.
Comparison of the activity budgets of our three chimpanzees to other captive chimpanzees (Tama Zoological Park [70] and Primate Research Institute (PRI) [71] in Japan; Central Washington University in Ellensburg [36]). Numbers refer to percentage of observation time.
| Tama Zoologcial Park Japan (N = 16) | PRI Japan (N = 12) * | Human-Raised Chimpanzees Washington, USA (N = 5) |
MONA Chimpanzees (N = 3) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behaviour: Percent of Time Mean (± SD) and/or [Range] |
Cognitive Experi-ment (N = 6) |
No Partici-pation in cog. exp. (N = 6) |
Small Enclosure (PBF) | Bigger Enclosure (CHCI) | Housed as Pets | At the Sanctuary | |
| Feeding (including Foraging) | 18.8 (± 7.4) | 30 | 10 | 23.1 | 14.9 | 25.5 (± 12.1) [16.2–39.2] | 17.3 (± 17.9) [6.4–37.9] |
| Resting | 50 [40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65] |
45 | 70 | 41.1 | 49.4 | 5.7 (± 3.4) [1.8–8.3] | 45.1 (± 14.0) [29.2–55.5] |
| Locomotion | 12.0 (± 3.6) | 10 | 7 | 5.0 | 8.8 | 7.0 (± 7.5) [1.1–15.4] | 16.2 (± 6.7) [11.3–23.8] |
| Solitary behaviour (solitary play, object manipulation, self-groom) | -- | -- | -- | 9.6 | 8.6 | 11.1 (± 5.5) [5.3–16.1] | 10.2 (± 9.9) [2.7–21.4] |
| Stereotypic | -- | -- | -- | 0.6 | 0.3 | 3.6 (± 4.4) [0.1–8.6] | 0.4 (± 0.2) [0.2–0.6] |
| Social grooming | [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20] | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2.3 (± 2.0) [0–3.8] | 7.5 (± 3.0) [4.3–10.3] |
| Social interaction with conspecifics (affiliative and agonistic) | -- | -- | -- | 17.5 | 14.1 | 6.4 (± 3.4) [4.0–10.3] | 7.9 (± 3.6) [4.2–11.3] |
Abbreviations: BPF = Psychology Building Facility; CHCI = Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute. -- = No data available. * Six out of twelve chimpanzees participated in cognitive experiments and six chimpanzees did not participate in these experiments.