Table 2.
Prevalence of Endocrine Conditions Among Cases vs Controls
| Endocrine condition | DS sample (n=6078) | Controls (n=30,326) | OR (95% CI) | P a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acromegaly | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Panhypopituitarism | 8 | 51 | 0.78 (0.37, 1.65) | 0.5179 |
| Adrenal insufficiency/Addison’s disease | 41 | 122 | 1.68 (1.18, 2.40) | 0.0037 |
| Cushing’s syndrome and increased adrenal function | 0 | 11 | – | 0.2301b |
| Cystic fibrosis | 4 | 6 | 3.33 (0.94, 11.80) | 0.0701b |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Hypothyroidism | 2212 | 1507 | 10.94 (10.17, 11.78) | <0.0001 |
| Hashimoto’s disease | 69 | 144 | 2.41 (1.80, 3.21) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 155 | 319 | 2.46 (2.03, 2.99) | <0.0001 |
| Graves’ disease | 28 | 74 | 1.89 (1.22, 2.93) | 0.0035 |
| Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 | 0 | 1 | – | 1.0000b |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 15 | 157 | 0.48 (0.28, 0.81) | 0.0049 |
| Hyperparathyroidism | 3 | 45 | 0.33 (0.10, 1.07) | 0.0524b |
| Hypoparathyroidism | 3 | 9 | 1.66 (0.45, 6.15) | 0.4353b |
| Prolactinoma/Hyperprolactinemia | 13 | 25 | 2.60 (1.33, 5.08) | 0.0038 |
| Turner syndrome | 1 | 10 | 0.50 (0.06, 3.90) | 0.7038b |
| Diabetes insipidus | 7 | 12 | 2.91 (1.15, 7.40) | 0.0185 |
| Secondary diabetes mellitus | 6 | 19 | 1.58 (0.63, 3.95) | 0.3273 |
| Type I diabetes mellitus | 66 | 203 | 1.63 (1.23, 2.15) | 0.0005 |
| Type II diabetes mellitus | 240 | 2066 | 0.56 (0.49, 0.64) | <0.0001 |
| Gout | 261 | 502 | 2.67 (2.29, 3.10) | <0.0001 |
a
Statistical significance was reached at an alpha of <0.05.
b
Fisher’s exact test P-value was interpreted due to low sample count.
DS, Down syndrome; OR, odds ratio.