Table 1.

Bias risk analysis.

Author, year, country	Quante et al (2008), Neustadt, Holstein, Germany[42]	da Graça-Tarragó M et al (2016), Porto Alegre, Brazil[33]	Preece et al (2016), Manchester, United Kingdom[43]	Kittelson et al (2014), Colorado, USA[44]	da Graça-Tarragó et al (2016), Porto Alegre, Brazil[45]
Study description	Case series without control group	Cross-sectional study	Prospective cohort study	Case series with control group	Randomized clinical trial
Selection bias	N/A	Low	Low	N/A	Low
Detection bias	N/A	Low	N/A	N/A	Low
Loss bias	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Report bias	N/A	Low	Low	Low	Low
Information bias	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low