Table 3.
Antioxidant capacity of NARC and ARC formulations evaluated by FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays during simulated GI digestion.
| DPPH mmol/kg ± SD | ABTS mmol/kg ± SD | FRAP mmol/kg ± SD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not Digested | 13.7 ± 1.1 | 18.3 ± 1.2 | 12.3 ± 1.1 | |||
| NARC | ARC | NARC | ARC | NARC | ARC | |
| Digestion stage | ||||||
| Oral stage | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
| Gastric stage | 1.6 ± 0.1 | N.D. | 2.0 ± 0.3 | N.D. | 0.9 ± 0.1 | N.D. |
| Duodenal stage | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.1 * | 2.1 ± 0.2 * |
| Pronase E stage | 2.3 ± 0.3 * | 4.5 ± 0.5 * | 4.6 ± 0.4 * | 5.9 ± 0.5 * | 3.4 ± 0.3 * | 4.6 ± 0.4 * |
| Viscozyme L stage | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.3 * | 3.6 ± 0.5 * | 2.4 ± 0.2 * | 3.9 ± 0.3 * |
| Total colonic stage | 4.2 ± 0.3 * | 6.6 ± 0.5 * | 7.4 ± 0.4 * | 9.5 ± 0.5 * | 5.8 ± 0.3 * | 8.5 ± 0.4 * |
Differences between groups were statistically analyzed with Tukey’s test; * p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Abbreviations: N.D., not detected.