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. 2021 Dec 24;10(1):35. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10010035

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A double-labeling assay for detection of the staphylococcal invasion of the skin model with anti-Staphylococcus aureus antibody and detection of the apoptotic cells, using TUNEL assay after 48 h of infection the MRSA. (A) ST30 and (B) ST30ΔvraR, (C) USA300 and (D) USA300ΔvraR, (E) PBS. (1) the anti-Staphylococcus aureus antibody with goat anti-rabbit IgG H and L conjugated with Alexa Fluor 568 secondary antibody, (2) the Click-iT^® TUNEL Alexa Fluor^® 488 cells (3) Hoecsht stain, and (4) the overlay of the emission signals. White hashed line demarcates the dermal epidermal boundary between the strata basale and the collagen gel populated with fibroblasts. Scale bar shows 50 µm.