Table 1.

Impact of antibiotic on gut microbiota.

		Biliary Excretion	Activity on Anaerobic Bacteria		Induction of Dysbiosis	References
			Beta-Lactamase-Producing Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli	Other Anaerobes
Penicillin	Amoxicillin					[35]
	Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid					[35]
	Piperacillin-tazobactam					[36,37]
Cephalosporins	Ceftriaxone					[38,39,40]
	Cefotaxime					[38,39,40]
	Cefepime					[41]
Macrolides	Azithromycin					[42]
	Clindamycin
Carbapenems	Imipenem				Inconclusive data	[43]
	Meropenem					[44]
	Ertapenem					[45]
Fosfomycin	Fosfomycin					[46]
Aminoglycosides	Gentamicin					[47]
	Amikacin
Furanes	Nitrofurantoïn					[47]