Table 3.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who completed the study and patients who were lost to follow-up.
| Variables | Completed the Study (n = 122) |
Lost to Follow-Up (n = 48) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, males | 91 (74.6) | 38 (79.2) | 0.489 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 62.4 (11.1) | 60.2 (11.8) | 0.402 |
| Height, cm, mean (SD) | 167.9 (8.7) | 166.5 (9.9) | 0.339 |
| Weight, kg, mean (SD) | 83.5 (14.0) | 84.2 (13.7) | 0.597 |
| Smoking history | |||
| Current smoker | 19 (15.6) | 15 (31.2) | 0.071 |
| Ex-smoker | 54 (44.3) | 17 (35.4) | |
| Never smoker | 49 (40.2) | 16 (33.3) | |
| Physical exercise | |||
| Sedentary (none) | 39 (32.2) | 13 (27.1) | 0.439 |
| Moderate (<1 h/day) | 37 (30.6) | 12 (25.0) | |
| Active (>1 h/day) | 45 (37.2) | 23 (47.9) | |
| Missing | 1 | ||
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 80 (65.6) | 38 (79.2) | 0.083 |
| Dyslipidemia | 79 (64.8) | 26 (54.2) | 0.201 |
| Heart disease | 12 (9.8) | 3 (6.2) | 0.558 |
| Nephropathy | 2 (1.6) | 0 | 1 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 6 (4.9) | 1 (2.0) | 0.675 |
| Patients with eyes affected by NPDR | |||
| Both eyes | 104 | 45 | |
| Left/right | 9/9 | 2/1 | |
| NPDR stage, total eyes | 225 | 92 | |
| Mild | 142 (63.1) | 54 (58.7) | 0.576 |
| Moderate | 76 (53.2) | 38 (41.3) | 0.331 |
| Severe | 7 (4.9) | 0 | |
| BCVA, mean (SD) | |||
| Left eye | |||
| Decimal | 0.756 (0.242) | 0.688 (0.238) | 0.081 |
| LogMAR | 0.163 (0.174) | 0.192 (0.165) | 0.142 |
| Right eye | |||
| Decimal | 0.740 (0.226) | 0.718 (0.219) | 0.344 |
| LogMAR | 0.167 (0.142) | 0.170 (0.137) | 0.319 |
| HbA1c level, %, mean (SD) | 8.08 (1.55) | 8.35 (2.18) | 0.854 |
| Antidiabetic medication | |||
| Oral antidiabetic agents | 57 (46.7) | 30 (62.5) | 0.293 |
| Insulin | 17 (13.9) | 7 (14.6) | |
| Both | 47 (38.5) | 11 (22.9) | |
| No medication | 1 | 0 |
DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; SD: standard deviation; NPDR: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. LogMAR: logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; BCVA: best-corrected visual acuity.