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. 2022 Jan 6;11(1):123. doi: 10.3390/antiox11010123

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA) on superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils. (A) Chemical structure of MDGA. (B–D) Superoxide anion generation was monitored using ferricytochrome c reduction. Visualization was carried out using a spectrophotometer at 550 nm after human neutrophils were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.1%, as control) or MDGA (0.3–10 μM) for 5 min, and thereafter stimulated by (B) N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF, 0.1 μM) + cytochalasin B (CB, 1 μg/mL) for 10 min, (C) Leu-Glu-Ser-Ile-Phe-Arg-Ser-Leu-Leu-Phe-Arg-Val-Met (MMK-1, 0.3 μM) + CB (1 μg/mL) for 10 min, or (D) phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 10 nM) for 15 min, (n = 5 or 6). (E) Human neutrophils were incubated with DMSO (0.1%, as control) or MDGA (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) for 15 min. MDGA had no cytotoxicity in human neutrophils as revealed by LDH assay, (n = 3). The values are shown as the mean ± S.E.M. * p < 0.05 vs. stimulated control.