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. 2022 Jan 8;11(1):136. doi: 10.3390/antiox11010136

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Superimposed UPLC–MS/MS chromatograms of the targeted analysis of phytochemicals from the cocoa shell aqueous extract (CAE) operating the MS detector in negative and positive modes (A). Primary compounds found in CAE were theobromine (1), protocatechuic acid (2), caffeine (3), catechin (4), procyanidin B2 (5), and epicatechin (6). Cell viability of HepG2 cells treated with CAE (B), theobromine (TH) (C), protocatechuic acid (PCA) (D), procyanidin B2 (PB2) (E), (−)-epicatechin (EPI) (F), and (+)-catechin (G). The results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). Asterisks (* or **) denote significant differences (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively) according to the t-test between the non-treated control (NT) and each of the concentrations of CAE or pure compounds.