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. 2022 Jan 11;9(1):28. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9010028

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Multiorgan on chip for modeling cancer metastasis. (a) An intestine-liver-tumor multiorgan device provided with systemic and intestinal perfusion. Reproduced with permission [106]. Copyright 2010, American Chemical Society. (b) Hybrid Multi-Organ-Chip to replicate human tumor–skin co-culture assay to evaluate anti-EGFR antibody effects on lung tumor spheroids and human skin. The chip’s optical accessibility allows the tracking of the metastatic outgrowth of the tumor microtissues through daily imaging and facilitates in-depth fluid flow analyses at spots A, B and C on the chip. Reproduced with permission [107]. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature. (c) Metastasis-on-a-chip device. Media is perfused into the device at the single inlet port into the colorectal cancer chamber (C) from the media reservoir from the micro peristaltic pump. From the cancer chamber, the channels bifurcate twice, providing equal flow to the endothelial (E), lung (Lu), liver (Li) constructs. Reproduced with permission [110]. Copyright 2019, John Wiley and Sons. (d) The Micro cell culture analog device with 3-D hydrogel cell cultures has been developed to test the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs while reproducing multi-organ interactions. It accommodated liver, tumor, and marrow chambers, interconnected with channels mimicking the blood flow pattern in the human body. Reproduced with permission [109]. Copyright 2008, The Royal Society of Chemistry. (e) Simulation of the biomimetic liver microenvironment in a tumor progression model based on metastasis-on-a-chip. Caki-1 cells have been cultured in 3D biomimetic liver microenvironments (2:3 DLM/GelMA) to mimic the progression of metastatic kidney cancer. The efficacy of 5-FU, delivery of 5-FU though PLGA-PEG NPs, and dose optimization have been measured [111]. (f) A vision of body on chip in which different organs can be cultured. In vitro three-dimensional models in cancer research: a review, Imparato G, Urciuolo F, Netti PA, International Materials Reviews, 2015, Taylor & Francis Ltd., reprinted by permission of [6] Taylor & Francis Ltd.