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. 2022 Jan 15;11(1):110. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11010110

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Paracellular permeability of IPEC-J2 cells 3 and 24 h after one hour of treatment with Salmonella Typhimurium and grape seed oligomeric proanthocyanidins (GSOPs). Control —treatment with plain medium; S. Typhimurium—treatment with 106 CFU/mL S. Typhimurium; GSOPs 50, 100 pre—pre-treatment before S. Typhimurium infection with 50 and 100 μg/mL GSOPs, respectively; GSOPs 50, 100 parallel—parallel treatment of S. Typhimurium infection with 50 and 100 μg/mL GSOPs, respectively; GSOPs 50, 100 post—treatment after S. Typhimurium infection with 50 and 100 μg/mL GSOPs, respectively. Data are shown as means with standard deviation and expressed as relative fluorescence, considering the mean value of control as 100%. N = 6/group. Significant difference: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, in yellow: compared to the untreated control, in green: compared to S. Typhimurium treatment.