Table 2.

Breakpoints and genes related to sperm function on chromosome 6

Breakpoint	Gene	Description/Phenotype	Gene function
6p21	SLC26A8	Spermatogenic failure-3	The mutations in the gene associated with severe asthenozoospermia
	TCTE1	T complex-associated testis-expressed 1	TCTE1 knockout mice are sterile due to asthenozoospermia
	DNAH8	Spermatogenic failure-46	Spermatogenic failure-46 (SPGF46) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenoteratozoospermia
6q15	SPACA1	Sperm acrosome-associated protein 1	SPACA1 is a transmembrane protein that localizes to the equatorial segment of spermatozoa and appears to function in sperm–egg fusion
6q21	ARMC2	Spermatogenic failure-38	Spermatogenic failure-38 is characterized by primary infertility and asthenoteratozoospermia due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella
6q25	ESR1	Estrogen receptor 1	ESRA/ESRB knockout mice were infertile. They exhibited various stages of spermatogenesis, but the numbers and motility of epididymal sperm were reduced significantly