Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Chronic mTBI and Healthy Control Participants (n = 40).
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 40) |
Chronic mTBI (n = 29) |
Control (n = 11) |
χ2 or t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age, Mean (SD) | 24.80 (5.22) | 25.59 (5.36) | 22.73 (4.41) | 1.576 | 0.123 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Males | 19 (47.5) | 15 (51.7) | 4 (36.4) | 0.755 | 0.488 |
| Females | 21 (52.5) | 14 (48.3) | 7 (63.6) | ||
| Weight (kg), Mean (SD) | 69.83 (14.64) | 70.18 (13.29) | 68.91 (18.45) | 0.243 | 0.810 |
| Height (cm), Mean (SD) | 167.52 (10.94) | 168.26 (10.48) | 165.56 (12.38) | 0.691 | 0.494 |
| BMI, Mean (SD) | 24.74 (3.77) | 24.65 (3.40) | 24.98 (4.81) | −0.247 | 0.807 |
| Ethnicity/Race, n (%) | |||||
| Hispanic | 6 (15.0) | 4 (13.8) | 2 (18.2) | 1.038 | 0.904 |
| White | 23 (57.5) | 17 (58.6) | 6 (54.5) | ||
| Black | 1 (2.5) | 1 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Asian | 8 (20.0) | 6 (20.7) | 2 (18.2) | ||
| Other | 2 (5.0) | 1 (3.4) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| Handedness, n (%) | |||||
| Right | 37 (92.5) | 27 (93.1) | 10 (90.9) | 0.055 | 1.000 |
| Left | 3 (7.5) | 2 (6.9) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| In college | 31 (77.5) | 22 (75.9) | 9 (81.8) | 0.162 | 1.000 |
| In graduate school | 9 (22.5) | 7 (24.1) | 2 (18.2) | ||
| Marital Status, n (%) | |||||
| Single | 36 (90.0) | 26 (89.7) | 10 (90.9) | 0.412 | 0.814 |
| Married | 4 (10.0) | 3 (10.3) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| Employment Status, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 30 (75.0) | 23 (79.3) | 7 (63.6) | 1.045 | 0.418 |
| No | 10 (25.0) | 6 (20.7) | 4 (36.4) | ||
| Clinical | |||||
| RPQ Total, Mean (SD) | 12.58 (12.42) | 16.76 (12.14) | 1.55 (2.07) | 6.505 | <0.001 |
| NSI Total, Mean (SD) | 15.43 (14.06) | 19.86 (13.91) | 3.73 (4.65) | 5.489 | <0.001 |
| Somatic/Sensory, Mean (SD) | 5.58 (5.81) | 7.34 (5.83) | 0.91 (1.81) | 5.304 | <0.001 |
| Cognitive, Mean (SD) | 2.75 (2.88) | 3.55 (2.89) | 0.64 (1.50) | 4.156 | <0.001 |
| Affective, Mean (SD) | 7.10 (6.42) | 8.97 (6.56) | 2.18 (1.94) | 5.023 | <0.001 |
| Injury Characteristics | |||||
| Number of Injuries, Mean (SD) | 2.55 (1.33) | N/A | |||
| Single Injury | 9 (31.0) | N/A | |||
| Multiple Injuries | 20 (69.0) | N/A | |||
| Time since the last Injury (years), Mean (SD) | 4.48 (5.00) | N/A | |||
| Mechanism of Injury, n (%) | |||||
| Sports-related | 14 (48.3) | N/A | |||
| Head hit | 6 (20.7) | N/A | |||
| High-level Falls | 5 (17.2) | N/A | |||
| Military-related | 3 (10.3) | N/A | |||
| Car accident | 1 (3.4) | N/A |
mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury; BMI, body mass index; RPQ, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire; NSI, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory.