Table 2.
Overview of interictal ghrelin levels in children. AG: acylated ghrelin; ASD: antiseizure drug; CBZ: carbamazepine; TPM: topiramate; DAG: desacyl ghrelin; Ref: reference; VPA: valproic acid. * the different ghrelin levels in epilepsy patients versus controls. ** the difference in condition 2 versus condition 1 within epilepsy patients. Age denotes either the mean age of the patient groups rounded to the nearest integer, or the age range.
| ASD | Ghrelin Form | Controls (pg/mL) | * | Epilepsy Patients (pg/mL) | ** | Age (Years) | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VPA, CBZ | Total | 554 | ↓ | VPA: 381 | CBZ: 283 | ↓ | 5 | [91] |
| VPA, TPM | N/A | 267 | = | VPA: 240 | TPM: 267 | = | 6–15 | [94] |
| VPA | DAG AG |
DAG: 446 AG: 45 |
↓ | Pretreatment: DAG: 420 AG: 36 |
Post-treatment: DAG: 459 AG: 51 |
↑ | 9 | [93] |
| VPA | N/A | 333 | ↓ | Pretreatment: 355 | Post-treatment: 263 | ↓ | 11 | [92] |