Table 3.
Overview of interictal ghrelin levels in children after ASD or KD intervention. AG; acylated ghrelin; ASD: antiseizure drug; CBZ: carbamazepine; d: day; DAG: desacyl ghrelin; Int: intervention; KD: ketogenic diet; LEV: levetiracetam; m: month; OXC: oxcarbazepine; PHT: phenytoin; Ref: reference; T: time; TPM: topiramate; VPA: valproic acid; y: year. * the different ghrelin levels in epilepsy patients over time. ± the concentrations derived from graphs.
| Int. | Ghrelin Form | Baseline (pg/mL) | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | * | Age (Years) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OXC | N/A | 327 | 6 m: 306 | 18 m: 320 | / | / | = | 9 | [95] |
| OXC | N/A | 310 | 6 m: 288 | 18 m: 345 | / | / | = | 13 | [98] |
| VPA | N/A | 18 | 6 m: 18 | 12 m: 18 | / | / | = | 9 | [96] |
| VPA | N/A | 334 | 6 m: 275 | 18 m: 245 | / | / | ↓ | 14 | [98] |
| VPA | N/A | 1.37 | 6 m: 2.19 | / | / | / | ↑ | 8 | [99] |
| TPM | N/A | 1121 | 3 m: 1184 | 6 m: 1292 | / | / | = | 8 | [97] |
| LEV | N/A | 1900 | 6 m: 2950 | / | / | / | = | 7 | [100] |
| KD | DAG AG |
DAG: ±160 AG: ±250 |
15 d: DAG: ±110 AG: ±210 |
30 d: DAG: ±100 AG: ±140 |
90 d: DAG: ±140 AG: ±110 |
/ | ↓ | 7 | [101] |
| KD | AG | ±400 | 15 d: ±250 | 30 d: ±200 | 90 d: ±200 | 1 y: ±200 |
↓ | 6 | [102] |
| KD | N/A | 20 | 6 m: 19 | 12 m: 19 | / | / | / | 8 | [103] |