Table 1.

Summary of the small molecules that can reduce AβO neurotoxicity.

Compound	MW	Experimental Models		Route	Ameliorative Effects				Refs
		In Vitro	In Vivo		OS	Apoptosis	Cognitive Impairment	Aβ Accumulation
Tyrosol	138	Primary neurons	5XFAD	oral	+	+	+	−	[26]
H-Tyr	154		APP/PS1	oral	+	+	+	−	[27,29]
			AβO + ia injection						[28]
Honokiol	266	Primary neurons	AβO injection PS1V97L APP/PS1	ip	+	+	+	+	[38,39,40]
Rhynchophylline	384		AβO injection	ip	+	+	+	n.d.	[42,43]
Astragaloside IV	785	HT22	AβO injection	ip	n.d.	+	+	+	[46]
			APP/PS1						[44]
Ferulic acid	194	LAN5	APP/PS1	oral	+	n.d.	+	+	[49,51,52]
PQM130	381	SH-SY5Y	AβO injection	ip	+	+	+	n.d.	[53,54]
Anthocyanins	450<	HT22	APP/PS1	ip	+	+	+	n.d.	[57]
CAPE	284		AβO injection	ip	+	+	+	n.d.	[61]
Guanosine	283	SH-SY5Y	AβO injection	oral	+	+	+	n.d.	[64,65]
NMN	334	Slice cultures	AβO injection	ip	+	n.d.	+	+	[67]
			APP/PS1	subcutaneous					[68]
Resveratrol	228	SH-SY5Y							[72]
		Primary neurons	APP/PS1	oral	+	n.d.	n.d.	+	[73]

H-Tyr, hydroxytyrosol; CAPE, caffeic acid phenyl ester; NMN, nicotinamide mononucleotide: ia, ibotenic acid; ip, intraperitoneal; MW, molecular weight; OS, oxidative stress; n.d., not determined.