Table 2.
Summary of changes in activity patterns in cows (lying time, number of lying bouts, lying bout duration, standard deviation of bout duration and activity) caused by lameness. Studies are summarised by comparing cows with lameness to the control (including degree of severity). Lameness assessment score (from 1 = non-lame to 3 or 5 = severely lame) and housing system and bedding type are documented. Type of change (↑ increase; ↓ decrease; NS = non-significant; NR = non-reported; NE = non-evaluated) is given comparing cows in pain due to lameness versus the control cows.
| Reference | LSC | Criteria of Painful Moment or Cows in Pain Due to Lameness | Criteria of Control Moment or Control Cows |
Housing System and Bedding Type | Lying Time (h/d) | No. Lying Bouts (No./d) | Lying-Bout Duration (min/d) | SD of Bout Duration (min) | Activity (No. Steps/h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [116] | 5-point scale | Score ≥ 3 | Score 1 and 2 | Free-stalls (different types of bedding) |
↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | NE |
| [68] | 4-point scale | Score 2 | Score 1 | Free-stalls (mattress + sand) |
NS | ↓ | NS | NE | NE |
| Score 3 | Score 1 | ↑ (mattress) NS (sand) |
NE | NE | |||||
| [126] | 5-point scale | Score 3 or 4 | Score 1 | Free-stalls (straw) |
NS | NS | ↑ | NE | NE |
| [67] | 3-point scale | Score 2 or 3 | Score 1 | Free-stalls (mattress + sawdust) |
↓ | NE | NR | NE | NE |
| Score 2 or 3 | Score 1 | Free-stalls (mattress + sand) | NS | NE | NR | NE | NE | ||
| [127] | 4-point scale | Score 3 | Score 1 and 2 | Free-stalls (mattress + sawdust; and sand) | ↓ | NE | NE | NE | NE |
| [124] | 5-point scale | D: score = 3.0 H: score = 2.7 U: score = 3.3 |
NL: score = 2.9 | Free-stalls (sand) |
D: NS H: NS U: ↑ |
D: NS H: NS U: ↓ |
D: NS H: NS U: ↑ |
NE | NE |
| [118] | 5-point scale | Score > 3 | Score ≤ 3 | Free-stalls (sand) |
↑(t) | NS | ↑ | NE | NS |
| [128] | 4-point scale | Score 2 or 3 Trimming |
Score 0 or 1 | NR | NS | NS | NS | NE | NE |
| Score 2 or 3 Trimming + foot block |
Score 0 or 1 | NR | ↑ | NS | NS | NE | NE | ||
| [123] | 5-point scale | L: score ≥ 3 SL: score = 4 |
NL: score ≤ 2 | Free-stalls (deep-bedded) |
L: ↑ (t) SL: ↑ |
L: NS SL: NS |
L: NS SL: ↑ |
L: NS SL: ↑ |
NE |
| Free-stalls (mattress) |
L: ↑ (t) SL: NS |
L: NS SL: NS |
L: NS SL: NS |
L: NS SL: ↑(t) |
NE | ||||
| [117] | 5-point scale | Score ≥ 3 | Score ≤ 2 | Free-stalls (bedding not described) |
NE | NE | NE | NE | ↓ |
Significant differences are established at p ≤ 0.05, and tendency (t) at p ≤ 0.1. SD = standard deviation; LSC = Lameness Scoring System; D = dermatitis; H = haemorrhages; U = ulcers; NL = non-lame; L = lame; SL = severely lame.