Table 3.
Summary of changes in activity patterns in cows (lying time, number of lying bouts, lying bout duration, and activity in the sound limb/s) caused by lameness, observing cows with and without analgesia (analgesia vs. control group). Lameness assessment score (from 1 = non-lame to 3 or 5 = severely lame), housing system and bedding type and the moment of analgesia administration are documented. Moment (in days, d, or weeks, wk, related to moment of analgesia administration) and type of change (↑ increase; ↓ decrease; NS = non-significant; NE = non-evaluated; NR = non-reported) are given comparing the analgesia group with control group cows.
| Reference | Housing System and Bedding Type | LSC | Criteria of Cows in Pain Due to Lameness | Moment of Analgesia Administration | Analgesia Group | Control Group | Lying Time (h/d) |
No. Lying Bouts (No./d) | Lying Bout Duration (min/d) | Activity in the Sound Limb/s (No. Steps/Day) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [121] | Free-stall (mattress) |
5-point scale | Score ≥ 3 | At the time of hoof trimming | Flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg BW; IV) | Sterile saline solution (4.4 mL) | NS | ↓ (wk+3) | ↑ (wk+3) | NE |
| [118] | Free-stall (sand) | 5-point scale | Score > 3 | After the morning milking | Ketoprofen (3.0 mg/kg BW, IM) 2 consecutive days | Isotonic saline solution (3.0 mg/kg BW) | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| [128] | NR | 4-point scale | Score 2 or 3 | After trimming | Ketoprofen (3 mg/kg, IM) once per day for 3 days | Non-lame (score 0 or 1) | NS | NS | NS | NE |
| Score 2 or 3 | After trimming + foot block (applied to the healthy claw) | Ketoprofen (3 mg/kg, IM) once per day for 3 days | Non-lame (score 0 or 1) | NS | NS | NS | NE | |||
| [119] | Free-stall (sand) | 5-point scale | Score >3 | Before hoof trimming | Flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg of BW) 2 consecutive days | Saline solution (1 mL/22.7 kg BW) 2 consecutive days | ↓ (t) (+3D) | NE | NS | NS |
| [131] 1 | Free-stall (straw) |
5-point scale (with 13 intermediate levels). Septic arthritis of the coffin joint | Score ≥ 9 | Before and after surgical section + foot block | Local anaesthesia + Meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg BW, IV) before surgery and once daily from 1 to 4 days | Local anaesthesia + Sterile isotonic saline solution (0.5 mg/kg, IV) before surgery and once daily from 1 to 4 days | ↓ (from D+1 to D+7) |
NS | ↓(t) (from D+1 to D+7) |
↑ |
| [129] | Individual stalls (NR bedding) | 5-point scale Induced lameness by Amphotericin B (20 mg) | Score > 0 | At induced lameness | Flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg, IV) at the time of induction and 12 h after induction | Nothing | ↓ (from induction to D+1) |
NE | NE | NE |
Significant differences are established at p ≤ 0.05, and tendency (t) at p ≤ 0.1. LSC = Lameness Scoring System; BW = body weight; IM = intramuscular; IV = intravenous. 1 [131] shows the results as total time standing, standing bouts (no./d) and duration of standing bouts (h). For the purpose of the present table, the complementary parameter was included.