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. 2022 Jan 12;10(1):154. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10010154

Table 1.

Estimated amounts of PIP in different plant parts.

Sources Plant Parts Estimated Amount (%)
Piper nigrum [2] Fruit 1.7–7.4
Piper longum [3] Spike and root 5.9
Fruit 0.03
Piper chaba [3,4] Fruit 0.95–1.32
Piper guineense [5] Fruit 0.23–1.1
Piper sarmentosum [6] Root 0.20
Stem 1.59
Leaf 0.104
Fruit 2.75

Estimated amounts (%) were calculated on a dry wet basis.