Table 2.

The biologic effect of punicalagin.

Activity of Punicalagin	Model	Experimental Outcome	Ref.
Antioxidant	l-NAME induced hypertension pregnant rats	Punicalagin supplement decreased the levels of oxidative stress	[42]
	CCl4-induced mice liver injury	Punicalagin decreased MDA level, increased SOD, GPX activities and Nrf2 expression	[43]
Anti-viral	Epithelial Vero host cell	Punicalagin reduction the virucidal plaque of HSV-1	[44]
Anti-microbial	Aspergillus flavus CECT2686, Aspergillus parasiticus CECT 2947, etc.	Pomegranate peel methanolic extracts inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea.	[45]
	Staphylococcus aureus	Punicalagin increased potassium efflux and exerted inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus.	[47]
Anti-cancer	Colorectal cancer cell HCT116	Punicalagin exhibits selective cytotoxicity on HCT116 compared to CCD841, exerts anti-cancer effect by downregulated Anx-A1 protein.	[49]

l-NAME: NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; CCl-4: Carbon tetrachloride; HSV: Herpes simplex virus.