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. 2022 Jan 13;10(1):168. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10010168

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A photomicrograph of the CA3 region of the hippocampus of all of the rat group. (A) Control group showing the positive reaction for GFAP immuno-staining in the cytoplasm of astrocytes (↑). (B) PTZ showing an apparent increase of the positive brownish reaction for GFAP immuno-staining in the cytoplasm of astrocytes, compared to that of group I (the negative control, non-epileptic rats). (C) PTZ/VPA showing an apparent decrease of the positive brownish reaction for GFAP immuno-staining in the cytoplasm of the astrocytes. Notice that the astrocytes present shorter processes (↑) compared to those of group II (the epileptic model group). (D) PTZ/COQ10 showing the apparent moderate decrease of the positive brownish reaction for GFAP immuno-staining in the cytoplasm of the astrocytes. (E) PTZ/VPA/COQ10 group showing the apparent decrease of the positive brownish reaction for GFAP immuno-staining in the cytoplasm of the astrocytes.