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. 2021 Dec 30;11(1):94. doi: 10.3390/antiox11010094

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Basic structure of flavonoid skeleton with and without C-4 carbonyl group. Molecular structures of the flavonoids tested in this study from low to high (top to bottom) genoprotective capacity (see Table 2): (a) quercetin; (b) green tea extract (epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, EGCG); (c) diosmin; (d) apigenin; (e) rutin; (f) citrus extract (neohesperidin); (g) procyanidins. Before irradiation: Quercetin < EGCG (green tea) < Diosmin < Apigenin < Rutin < Neohesperidin (citrus extract) < Procyanidins. After irradiation: Quercetin < Rutin < EGCG (green tea) < Diosmin < Apigenin < Neohesperidin < Procyanidins.