Table 1.
Structural characteristics of the tested substances related to the magnitude of protection (%) determined according to the time of their administration in relation to the exposure to X-rays, as well as modifications that could be due to a possible additive effect of the substances dissolved in DMSO.
| No | COMPOUND | %MP BEFORE | %MP AFTER | DMSO | %MP BEFORE COMPENSATE |
%MP AFTER COMPENSATE * |
STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grape seed Ex. | 68 | 42 | N | 68 | 42 (−38%) | Flavonoid: flavan-3-ols (catechins); mixture of monomers, dimers and polymers C1-C15 catechin units. Presence of catechol and gallic groups. Water soluble |
| 2 | P medium | 68 | 42 | N | 68 | 42 (−38%) | Flavonoid: flavan-3-ols (catechins); mixture of monomers, dimers and polymers C1-C15 catechin units. Presence of catechol and gallic groups. Water soluble. 10% of monomers and dimers |
| 3 | Rosmarinic acid | 63 | 16 | N | 63 | 16 (−75%) | Di-Caffeoyl compound; free carboxilic group. Water soluble |
| 4 | Citrus Ex. | 58 | 47 | N | 58 | 47 (−19%) | Flavonoid: flavanone glycosides (naringin and neohesperidin). NO C2 = C3 double bond, NO catechol group. Water soluble. |
| 5 | Carnosic acid | 53 | 42 | Y | 27 | 42 (+56%) | Diterpene: free carboxilic group; catechol group. NO water soluble, lipid soluble. |
| 6 | Rutin | 47 | 0 | Y | 21 | 0 (−100%) | Flavonoid: flavonol glycoside; C2 = C3 double bond; catechol group. NO water soluble. |
| 7 | P long | 47 | 26 | N | 47 | 26 (−45%) | Flavonoid: flavan-3-ols (catechins); mixture of monomers, dimers and polymers C1-C15 catechin units. Presence of catechol and gallic groups. Sligthy watersoluble. 1% of monomers and dimers |
| 8 | P short | 47 | 53 | N | 47 | 53 (+13%) | Flavonoid: flavan-3-ols (catechins); mixture of monomers, dimers and polymers C1-C15 catechin units. Presence of catechol and gallic groups. Watwr soluble,25% of monomers and dimers |
| 9 | Apigenin | 42 | 37 | Y | 16 | 37 (+131%) | Flavonoid: flavone aglycon; C2 = C3 double bond; NO catechol group. NO water soluble. |
| 10 | Olive leaf Ex. | 42 | 26 | Y | 16 | 26 (+63%) | Secoiridoid + minor flavonoids: oleuropein; catechol group and sterified carbonyl groups. Partially water soluble. |
| 11 | Vitamin C | 42 | 15 | N | 42 | 15 (−64%) | (R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl) furan-2(5H)-one. Presence of orto-dihydroxy structure, Water soluble. |
| 12 | Amifostine | 37 | −5 | N | 37 | −5 (−114%) | S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl) amino] ethanethiol. Organothiophosphate with a free amino group. Water soluble |
| 13 | Diosmin | 37 | 16 | Y | 11 | 16 (+45%) | Flavonoid: flavone glycoside; C2 = C3 double bond; NO catechol group. NO water soluble. |
| 14 | PASE | 32 | 26 | Y | 6 | 26 (+333%) | Sargahydroquinoic acid ((2Z,6E,10E)-12-(2,5-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-6,10-dimethyl-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl) dodeca-2,6,10-trienoic acid, Structure para-hydroxy phenolic and free carboxilic group. NO water soluble. |
| 15 | PTU | 32 | −5 | N | 32 | −5 (−116%) | Propylthiouracil. Water soluble (after dissolution in NaOH 0.15N adjusting to pH 8.5). |
| 16 | Green tea Ex. | 26 | 16 | Y | 0 | 16 (>+100%) | Flavonoid: flavan-3-ols (catechins: EGCG, EGC. ECG….all are monomers); presence of catechol and mainly gallic groups. Sligthy watersoluble |
| 17 | DMSO | 26 | 0 | Y | Dimethylsulfoxide. Water soluble | ||
| 18 | Quercetin | −16 | −26 | Y | −42 | −26 | Flavonoid: flavonol aglycon; C2 = C3 double bond; catechol group, five free hydroxyl groups (can be pro-oxidant). NO water soluble |
| 19 | Zoledronic acid | −32 | −26 | N | −58 | −26 | Imidazole (biphosphonate): 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl. Sparingly soluble |
* % relative modification vs. % MP Before Compensate.