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. 2022 Jan 13;9(1):32. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9010032

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Electrophysiological measurements of 2D tissue constructs delivered by manual pipette (control) or bioprinter valve (A). The three parameters assessed are the electrical activity on the cells (action potential), intracellular Ca²⁺ (calcium transient) and mechanical activity (contractile kinetic decay). Contractility images of printed cardiomyocytes, bright-field and computed contractility expressed as brightness: control cells deposited using pipette (B) and bioprinted cells (C), the scale bar represents 10 microns.

Electrophysiological measurements of 2D tissue constructs delivered by manual pipette (control) or bioprinter valve (A). The three parameters assessed are the electrical activity on the cells (action potential), intracellular Ca²⁺ (calcium transient) and mechanical activity (contractile kinetic decay). Contractility images of printed cardiomyocytes, bright-field and computed contractility expressed as brightness: control cells deposited using pipette (B) and bioprinted cells (C), the scale bar represents 10 microns.