| CIC | cancer initiating cells |
| CRISPR | clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium |
| E6AP | E6-associated protein |
| HIF1α | hypoxia inducible factor 1α |
| HNSCC | head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
| HPV | human papillomavirus |
| PD-1 | programmed death protein-1 |
| PD-L1 | programmed cell death ligand-1 |
| PPAR | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
| STR | short tandem repeat |
| TALEN | transcription activator-like effector nucleases |
| Wnt | wingless/integrated |