Table 2.

AuNPs physicochemical characterization.

AuNPs	Maximum Absorbance Peak (nm)	Hydrodynamic Diameter (nm)	PdI	Zeta-Potential (mV)
Ratio 1	561 ± 17	151.1 ± 74.6	0.240 ± 0.071	−15.7 ± 5.4
Ratio 2	549 ± 14	108.8 ± 17.5	0.293 ± 0.077	−22.6 ± 2.1 **
Ratio 3	628 ± 88	175.0 ± 97.5	0.337 ± 0.085 ***	−21.8 ± 2.5 *
Ratio 4	830 ± 93 ****,####,++++	570.5 ± 144.2 ****,####,++++	0.462 ± 0.107 ****,####,++++	−15.9 ± 3.2 ###,++

For spectroscopy and DLS analyses, AuNPs were suspended in MilliQ water. For electrophoretic mobility analyses, AuNPs were suspended in PBS 1× (pH 7.4, USP32). Data are represented as mean ± SD, with n > 3. Statistical significance is represented as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001 comparing with Ratio 1 AuNPs; ^### p < 0.001 and ^#### p < 0.0001 comparing with Ratio 2 AuNPs; ⁺⁺ p < 0.01 and ⁺⁺⁺⁺ p < 0.0001 comparing with Ratio 3 AuNPs.