Figure 2.

Routes of glioblastoma cell invasion. Glioblastoma cells generally invade using tracts in parenchyma, white-matter tracts, and leptomeningeal and perivascular spaces. Among these, perivascular space and white-matter tracts are the most preferred routes for glioblastoma invasion. Perivascular space attracts the tumor cells with the presence of blood vessels, which provide oxygen and nutrients. White-matter tracts are composed of myelinated axons, and tumor cells exploit these structures to reach distant locations in the brain. Parenchymal cells facilitate glioblastoma invasion by secreting several factors. Figure generated at Biorender.com, combined with representative MRI images from our clinic.