Table 2.

Summary of some eMIP-based sensors for clinically relevant biomarker, featuring polymer matrix, electrochemical detection method, linear concentration range and detection limit.

Target	MIP	Electrode Material	Detection Method	Linear Centration Range	LOD	Reference
gp51	Ppy	Pt	PDA (Photodiode-Array)	-	-	[107]
B. subtilis endospores	Ppy/poly (3-methylthiophene)	GCE	EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy)	104–106 CFU/mL	102 CFU/mL	[108]
EP	PAPBA	MWCNTs/GCE	DPV (differential pulse voltammetry)	0.2–800 µM	35 nM	[109]
Insulin	PPD	GCE	DPV	10−14–5 · 10−13 M	7.24 10−15 M	[71]
BuCHE	PPD	GCE	CV, amperometry	0.05–2 nM	14.7 pM	[110]
VEGF	PPD	SPE	EIS	20–200 pg/mL	0.08 pg/mL	[111]
ncovNP	PPD	Au-TFE	DPV	≤111 fM	15 fM	[112]
dopamine	poly(o-aminophenol)	Au	DPV	20–250 nM	1.98 nM	[113]
NE	poly(o-aminophenol)	GCE	SWV	0.05–10 µM	0.49 nM	[114]
CA15-3	poly(2-aminophenol)	AuSPE	DPV	5–50 U/mL	1.5 U/mL	[90]
HER2-ECD	polyphenol	AuSPE	DPV	10–70 ng/mL	1.6 ng/mL	[115]
3-NT	polyphenol	Paper-based with carbon ink	DPV	500 nM–1 mM	22.3 nM	[116]
cyt c	polyscopoletin	Au/MUA	CV, chronoamperometry	-	-	[117]