Molecular structure and functions of AIRE transcription regulator. Explanations are in the text. Red lines show spatial contacts in the AIRE multimolecular complex. Green arrows show functional interconnections in the AIRE multimolecular complex. AIRE, autoimmune regulator; CARD, caspase activation and recruitment domain; NLS, nuclear localization signal; SAND domain is named after a range of proteins: Sp100, AIRE-1, NucP41/75, DEAF-1; PHD, plant homeodomain; PRR, Proline-rich region; CREB BP, CREB binding protein; CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein; SIRT, Sirtuin; DNA-PK, DNA-dependent protein kinase; HNRNPL, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L; RNA-Pol II, RNA polymerase II; BRD4, Bromodomain-containing protein 4; P-TEFb, positive transcription elongation factor b; DNA-TOP IIα, Type II DNA topoisomerase; TSS, transcription start site. Three-dimensional structures of proteins were obtained from https://www.uniprot.org/ (accessed on 15 October 2021).