Table 7.
Nrf2-related therapeutic effects of curcumin in other conditions.
| Type of Disease | Animals | Dose Range | Cell Line | Targets and Other Pathways |
Function | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | - | L02 | HO-1, NF-κB, iNOS, HO-1, Caspase-3/9 | CUR via inhibiting the NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1 axis could effectively inhibit quinocetone (QCT) induced apoptosis. | [54] |
| Osteoporosis | - | - | MC3T3-E1 | ALP, OCN, COLI, Runx2 | CUR through the GSK3β-Nrf2 axis could protect osteoblasts against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction. | [55] |
| - | - | - | hPDLSCs | AKT, PI3K, ALP, COL1, RUNX2 | CUR via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2axis could promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. | [56] |
| Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) | - | - | Chondrocytes | ARE, HO-1, SOD2, NQO-1, IL-6, iNOS, MMP-1/3/p |
CUR via the Nrf2/ARE axis could inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation, and the matrix degradation of TMJ inflammatory chondrocytes. | [57] |
| Muscle Damage | Male Wistar rat | 100 mg/kg, orally, daily, 6 weeks |
- | NF-κB, GLUT4, HO-1, PGC-1α, SIRT1, TRX-1 | CUR via regulating the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways could prevent muscle damage. | [58] |
| Skin Damage | Female ICR mice | 0.1–1 μmol, topically | JB6, 293T, MEFs |
HO-1, Cullian3, Rbx1 | CUR via the Keap1 cysteine modification could induce stabilization of Nrf2. | [59] |
| Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress | - | - | CEF | ARE, SOD1, MAPK, ERK, JNK, p38 | CUR via activating the MAPK-Nrf2/ARE axis could inhibit heat-induced oxidative stress in chicken fibroblasts cells. | [60] |
| - | - | - | Mouse cortical neuronal cells, 293T, MEFs | HO-1, NQO1, GST-mu1, p62, NDP52, |
CUR via the PKCδ-mediated p62 phosphorylation at Ser351 could activate the Nrf2 pathway. | [61] |
| H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress | - | - | HTR8/SVneo | HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, NQO1, SLC2A1/3, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 | CUR via activating the Nrf2 could protect HTR8/SVneo cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress. | [62] |
| - | - | - | SKBR3, U373 |
HO-1, p62, SQSTM1 | In response to Zn(II)–curcumin complex, p62/SQSTM1/Keap1/Nrf2 axis could reduce cancer cells death-sensitivity. | [63] |
| Zearalenone (ZEA)-Induced Apoptosis And Oxidative Stress | - | - | TM3 | PTEN, HO-1, Bip, AKT, Bax, Bcl-2, JNK, Caspase-3/9/12 |
CUR by modulating the PTEN/Nrf2/Bipaxis could inhibit ZEA-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. | [64] |
| - | - | - | HepG2-C8 | HO-1, UGT1A | Combining low doses of CUR and sulforaphane via Nrf2 could play a role in the prevention of several types of cancer. | [65] |
| Cisplatin-Induced Drug Resistance | - | - | A549/CDDP | SQSTM1(P62), LC3-I, LC3-II, NQO1 | CUR via the Keap1/p62-Nrf2axis could attenuate CDDP-induced drug-resistance in A549/CDDP cell. | [66] |
| Cisplatin-Induced Bladder Cystopathy | Female SD rats | 6 mg/kg, 5 consecutive days |
RBSMCs, SV-HUC-1, ATCC, Manassas, VA |
NGF, HO-1 | CUR via targeting NRF2 could ameliorate cisplatin-induced cystopathy. | [67] |
| Pain | Male Swiss mice | 3, 10, 30 mg/kg, subcutaneously, 1 h before stimulation | - | NF-ĸB, HO-1, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β |
CUR via reducing NF-κB activation and increasing Nrf2 expression could inhibit superoxide anion-induced inflammatory pain-like behaviors. | [68] |
| Endotoxemia |
Male Wistar rats | 25,50, and 100 mg/kg, orally, 2 consecutive days |
- | TNF-α, IL1-β | CUR via modulating the activity of Nrf2 could prevent LPS-induced sickness behavior and fever possibly. | [69] |
| Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury | Kunming mice | 50 mg/kg, I.P., 10 days | - | GSH-Px, γ-GCS |
CUR by activating the Nrf2/ARE axis could protect against cadmium-induced testicular injury. | [70] |
| Oxidative Damage | - | - | RAW264.7 | HO-1, GCLC, GLCM |
CUR via activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes could attenuate oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. | [71] |
| Nasal Diseases | - | - | Nasal fibroblasts | HO-1, ERK, SOD2 | CUR via activating of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis could reduce ROS production caused by urban particulate matter (UPM) in human nasal fibroblasts. | [72] |
| Aβ25-35-Induced Oxidative Damage | - | - | PC12 | HO-1, Bcl-2, Bax, Cyt-c | CUR analogs via the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis could attenuate Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. | [73] |
| Thyroid dysfunction | Male Wistar rats | 30 mg/kg, orally, daily, 30 days | - | NF-ĸB, AKT, mTOR, SOD1, SOD2 | CUR/vitamin E via modulating the Nrf2 and Keap1 function could reduce oxidative stress in the heart of rats. | [74] |