Table 1.

Assessments commonly used in identifying dyslexia [13].

Construct Measured	Description	Examples
Word Recognition	Ability to read single words or sight words	Wechsler Individual Achievement Test—Word Reading
Decoding	Ability to read unfamiliar words using letter–sound knowledge (often nonsense words)	Wechsler Individual Achievement Test—Decoding
Spelling	Ability to spell words from memory	Woodcock–Johnson Spelling
Phonological Processing	Ability to identify, pronounce, or recall individual sounds (phonemes)	Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing
Fluency	Ability to read word lists or passages at an appropriate pace	Gray Oral Reading Test
Rapid Automatized Naming	Ability to quickly name a series of objects, colors, numbers, or letters	Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing
Reading Comprehension	Ability to understand and answer questions about an independently read text	Woodcock–Johnson Reading Comprehension
Listening Comprehension or Oral Language	Ability to understand a story read-aloud or spoken directions	Wechsler Individual Achievement Test—Oral Language