Table 2.

Current pDC-based clinical trials.

Cancer Type	Phase	pDC Used	Doses	Patients	Toxicity	Clinical Outcomes
gp100- expressing distant metastatic melanoma	I	Isolated naturally occurring mature pDCs were loaded with gp100154–162, gp100280–288 and tyrosinase-derived peptide tyrosinase369–377.	Three intranodal injections every 2 weeks. Two maintenance cycles consisting of 3 biweekly vaccinations if no disease progression	Fifteen HLA-A2+ patients with distant metastatic melanoma	Only grade 1–2 toxicity	Generation of CD8 T cell responses specific to tumor antigens; two patients showed durable stable disease and were eligible for 2 additional cycles consisting of 3 pDC vaccinations. One patient with a mixed response [82].
Castration-resistant prostate cancer	IIa	Blood-derived pDCs, CD1a+ cDC2s or a combination of pDCs and cDC2s, loaded with NY-ESO-1157–165, MAGE-C2336– 344 and NY-ESO-1 and MUC1 PepTivators (overlapping long peptides that cover the complete protein).	Maximal 9 times	21 (21 HLA-A2+ patients with confirm adenocarcinoma of the prostate, 7 for each treatment)	Grade 1–2 toxicity	A partial radiological response was observed in 1 patient; 12 patients (57%) with stable disease > 6 months. No significant difference among the three treatment arms (cDCs, pDCs and cDCs + pDCs) [85].
Stage IIIC or IV confirmed unresectable metastatic melanoma	Ib	pDCs from a cell line loaded with one of three melanoma antigens separately: MART126–35L, MAGEA3271–279, gp100209–217 and TYR369–377.	3 weekly injections	9 HLA-A2+ stage IIIC or IV patients with confirmed unresectable meta- static melanoma	Grade 1–3 toxicity	Three weekly injections of up to 60 × 106 cells were safe and well tolerated. Two patients from the highest dose group (60 × 106 cells) displayed a stable disease [86].