Table 1.
Clinical parameters. Data are presented as mean + SD, % (n), or median and interquartile range (25–75%). * p < 0.05 baseline vs. 6 months and # p < 0.05 responders vs. non-responders.
| Total (n = 25) | Responders (n = 14) | Non-responders (n = 11) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 m | Baseline | 6 m | ||
| Age, years | 77 (±8) | 75 (±5) | |||
| Sex, male/female | 15/10 | 9/5 | 6/5 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.2 ± 0.83 | 28.3 ± 5.0 | 28.5 ± 5.6 | 28 ±3.18 | 28.8 ± 3.51 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 111 ± 15.62 | 115 ±19.42 | 111 ± 7.85 | ||
| Heart rate | 73 ± 19.63 | 77 ±22 | 68 ±17 | ||
| Dyslipidaemia % (n) | 44 (11) | 29 (4) | 64 (7) | ||
| Diabetes, % (n) | 36 (9) | 43 (6) | 27 (3) | ||
| Hypertension, % (n) | 68 (17) | 71 (10) | 64 (7) | ||
| COPD (n) | 25 (3) | 7 (1) | 18 (2) | ||
| GFR mL/min | 55 ± 22 | 56 ± 27 | 58 ± 21 | 53 ± 15 | 53 ± 24 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 4194 ± 4083 | 3361 ± 2697 | 1744 ± 1481 * | 5254 ± 5325 # | 12,914 ± 29,691 * |
| NYHA class, n | 2.64 ± 0.64 | 2.43 ± 0.51 | 1.64 ± 0.50 * | 2.91 ± 0.70 | 2.6 ± 0.97 |
| Aetiology, % (n) | |||||
| Ischaemic | 21.43 (3) | 18.18 (2) | |||
| Non-ischaemic | 78.57 (11) | 81.82 (9) | |||
| Medical treatment, % (n) | |||||
| ACEIs/ARBs | 56 (14) | 50 (7) | 36 (5) | 64 (7) | 45 (5) |
| Beta-blockers | 84 (21) | 86 (12) | 93 (13) | 82 (9) | 91 (10) |
| ARNI | 40 (10) | 50 (7) | 57 (8) | 27 (3) | 36 (4) |
| Spironolactone | 80 (20) | 79 (11) | 79 (11) | 82 (9) | 82 (9) |
| Diuretics | 88 (22) | 79 (11) | 64 (9) | 100 (11) | 64 (7) |
| Digoxin | 20 (5) | 21(3) | 18 (2) | ||
| Statin | 56 (14) | 50 (7) | 64 (7) | ||
| Echocardiographic data | |||||
| LVEDD (mm) | 64 ± 10 | 65 ± 9 | 57 ± 7 | 63 ± 12 | 60 ± 9 |
| LVESD (mm) | 57 ± 12 | 59 ± 10 | 48 ± 8 | 55 ± 13 | 52 ± 10 |
| LVEDVi, mL/m2 | 177 ± 87 | 187 ± 101 | 99 ± 44 * | 164 ± 68 | 171 ± 74 |
| LVESVi, mL/m2 | 129 ± 76 | 138 ± 87 | 59 ± 38 * | 116 ± 61 | 119 ± 70 |
| LVEF | 31 ± 9 | 30 ± 8 | 46 ± 12 * | 32 ± 10 | 35 ± 13 |
ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDVi, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVESVi, left ventricular end-systolic volume index.