ALD	alcohol-related liver disease
AIH	autoimmune hepatitis
AKT	protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
ATG7	Autophagy related protein 7
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
AWGS	Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia
BCAAs	branched-chain amino acids
BIA	Bioelectrical impedance analysis
BMI	body mass index
CHB	hepatitis B
CHC	hepatitis C
CLD	chronic liver diseases
CT	computed tomography
CV	cardiovascular
CYP2E1	cytochrome P450 2E1
DAAs	direct-antiviral agents
DHA	docosahexaenoic acid
DXA	dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
EPA	eicosapentaenoic acid
EWGSOP	European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People
FDA	food and drugs administration
FFAs	free fatty acids
FNDC5	fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5
FOXO1	forkhead box 01
GH	growth hormone
GLUT4	glucose transporter type 4
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HIS	hepatic steatosis index
HIV	human immunodeficiency virus
HMB	Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate
HSCs	hepatic stellate cells
ICD-10	International Classification of Disease
IR	insulin-resistance
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor-1
IL1	interleukin 1
IL6	Interleukin 6
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MEOS	microsomal ethanol oxidizing system
MetS	metabolic syndrome
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
MRS	magnetic resonance spectroscopy
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
mTORC1	mTOR complex
NAC	N-acetyl cysteine
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NFkB	nuclear factor-kB
PPAR-α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
PUFAs	polyunsaturated fatty acid
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SARM	Selective androgen receptors modulators
SMI	skeletal muscle index
hSMI	SMM adjusted by height squared
wSMI	SMM adjusted by weight
SMM	skeletal muscle mass
SREBP-1c	sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
STAT6	signal transducer and activator of transcription 6
TGFβ	transforming growth factor beta
TNFα	tumor necrosis factor alpha
T2DM	type 2 diabetes
UPS	ubiquitin-proteasome system
VDR	vitamin D receptor