Table 1.

Summary of studies implying induced pluripotent stem cells in cutaneous wound healing in a murine model, including cell type, delivery method, animal model, and major findings [96].

Author	Cell Type	Delivery Method	Animal Model	Major Findings
Clayton et al. [111]	hiPSC-derived endothelial cells	Intradermal injection Suspended in medium and Matrigel	Nude mice Nondiabetic	Increased vascularization Accelerated wound closure High collagen deposition, macrophage number, blood vessel density Increased wound perfusion Increased host expression of PECAM, Tie-1, and VEGF
Kim et al. [110]	hiPSC-derived smooth muscle cells and endothelial	Intradermal injection in PBS	Nude mice Nondiabetic	Increased angiogenesis Accelerated wound closure Increased smooth muscle cell migration Increased in vitro VEGF, EGF, and FGF-4
Shen et al. [116]	hiPSC early vascular cells	Topical application Acrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogels	Nude mice STZ diabetic	Accelerated wound closure Increased wound perfusion No significant difference between healthy and diabetic donor derived cells Increased blood vessel density
Tan et al. [117]	hiPSC-derived endothelial cells	Topical application Electrospun PCL/gelatin scaffolds	FVB/N mice Nondiabetic	Increased angiogenesis compared Increased cell survival in scaffolds compared to cellular injections Increased arteriole density in scaffold group
Kashpur et al. [118]	hiPSC-derived fibroblasts	Topical application Polyethylene terephthalate membrane self-assembled tissues	Nude mice STZ diabetic	Accelerated wound healing with hiPSC-derived fibroblasts from DFU compared to primary cells No difference in gene expression between hiPSC-derived fibroblasts derived from healthy and diabetic patients
Nakayama et al. [119]	hiPSC-MSC	Intravenous injection	Nude mice Nondiabetic	Accelerated wound healing as measured by epithelialization after IV delivery of 1 × 106 cells
Kobayashi et al. [120]	hiPSC-derived extracellular vesicles	Intradermal injection + topical application in PBS	C57 mice db/db diabetic	Increased angiogenesis Accelerated wound healing Increased fibroblasts migration and replication, in vitro